Buradasınız

Anasayfa » Content

La implicaciön emocional en el puesto de trabajo: Un estudio empfrico

The emotional involvement in the workplace: An empirical study

Journal Name:

  • Intangible Capital

Publication Year:

  • 2012
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.321

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: In a multitude of studies, it is verified that the generation of positive attitudes for employees such as job satisfaction or job involvement, have a positive influence on productivity levels of companies. The current investigation focus on the identification of employee-profile -who is emotionally involved with their work activity- through the use of a set of individual, job related and attitudinal factors.Design/methodology: A review of the literature about the main factors that affect the job involvement particularly on its emotional dimension has been completed. For its measurement at the empirical level, various items related to psychological well being of employees included in the IV European Working Conditions Survey-2010 are used. Moreover, those items are identified in Job Involvement Questionnaire (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). Since then, an empirical and multidimensional study is carried out by applying a logistic regression model on the sample of 11,149 employees obtained with European survey cited previously. Findings: The logistic regression model identifies the factors, which are directly related to emotional involvement at the workplace. Ultimately, is raised a definitive model that define the European employee-profile -who is emotionally involved at the workplace-: a rather aged person who has been working at his/her present place of employment for several years in a medium-sized company where possibly there exist a good working relationship between workers and their superiors –social support-. These employees are “white-collar” workers, have career advancement opportunities in the organizational hierarchy. They perform variety, flexible and complex tasks, which leads to satisfaction in terms of pay and working conditions. Research limitations/implications: Emotional involvement has been measured through self-awareness and, therefore, the corresponding bias in the key variable must be assumed. In addition, the casual relationship between emotional involvement and the variables taken into account in our study must be relativized, as the data under study are cross-sectional and not experimental. Originality/value: A global emotional involvement model has been estimated with which was confirmed the impact of the individual, job related or situational factors for both employees emotionally involved and those not involved.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Objeto: En multitud de estudios se constata como la generación de actitudes positivas en los empleados –tales como satisfacción, implicación laboral-, incide favorablemente en los niveles de productividad. La presente investigación centra la atención en la identificación del perfil de los empleados implicados emocionalmente con su actividad laboral a partir de un conjunto de factores individuales, laborales, organizativos y actitudinales. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de los principales factores que influyen en la implicación laboral sobre todo en su dimensión emocional. Para su medición a nivel empírico, se han empleado varios de los ítems incluidos en la IV Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Trabajo relacionados con el bienestar psicológico de los trabajadores e identificados a partir del cuestionario sobre implicación laboral planteado originalmente por Lodahl y Kejner (1965). Posteriormente se desarrolla un estudio empírico multidimensional aplicando un modelo de regresión logística a una muestra de 11.149 trabajadores obtenida de la encuesta europea citada. Aportaciones y resultados: El modelo de regresión logística identifica los factores relacionados directamente con la implicación emocional en el puesto de trabajo. En última instancia se plantea un modelo definitivodonde se define el perfil del asalariado europeo implicado emocionalmente con su puesto: una persona de cierta edad que lleva trabajando varios años en su actual puesto en una empresa de dimensión reducida, donde posiblemente existan buenas relaciones entre compañeros y superiores -apoyo social-. Estos empleados ocupan puestos de cuello blanco, disponen de oportunidades de promoción dentro de la jerarquía de la empresa. Las tareas que desempeñan son variadas, flexibles y complejas, lo que provoca un sentimiento general de satisfacción con las condiciones laborales y con el salario percibido. Limitaciones: Posibles problemas de sesgo debido a la medición de la implicación emocional a través de la autopercepción. Asimismo, la relación causal entre implicación y las variables explicativas debe ser relativizada, al tratarse de un estudio transversal y no experimental. Implicaciones prácticas: A partir de los resultados obtenidos se podría actuar sobre el grado de implicación emocional de los trabajadores incidiendo en aquellas variables relacionadas con el fenómeno objeto de investigación. Focalizando en el impacto del diseño de los puestos de trabajo sobre las reacciones afectivas de sus empleados. Originalidad / Valor añadido: Se ha estimado un modelo global de implicación en el que se constata la incidencia de factores a diversos niveles (individual, organizativo,…) tanto para las personas implicadas emocionalmente como no implicadas.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-la-implicacion-emocional-en-el-puesto-de-trabajo-un-estudio-empfrico.pdf
  • 2
364-405
  • Spanish

REFERENCES

References: 

AGASSI, J. (1982). Comparing the work Attitudes of women. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
AHMAD, A.; ANSARI, S.A. (2002). Effect of income and job tenure on job involvement. A study of Craftsman. Journal of Community Guidance and Research, 17(3): 271-275.AL-OTAIBI, A.G. (2000). Job Involvement, personal characteristics and performance among White-Collar employees in the Kuwaiti civil service. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 211-233.
ALLEN, N.J.; MEYER, J.P. (1993). Organizational commitment: Evidence of career stage effects. J. Bus. Res, 26(1): 49-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(93)90042-N
ALLPORT, G. (1947). The psychology of participation. Psychological Review, 52: 117-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0056704
ANANTHARAMAN, R.N.; KALIAPPA, K.V. (1982). Job involvement and its correlates. Psychological Studies, 27: 81-82.
ANDRIES, A.M. (2009). Emotions management within organizations. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos”. Economics and Applied Informatics, 2.
ANDRISANI, P. (1978). Work attitudes and labor market experience: Evidence from the national longitudinal surveys. New York: Praeger.
ARANYA N; KUSHNIR T.; VALENCY, A. (1986). Organizational commitment in a male dominated profession. Hum. Relat., 39(5): 433-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872678603900504
ARIZA, J.A (1999). Poder y compromiso en las organizaciones. España: Ed. ETEA.
ARIZA, J.A.; MORALES, A.C.; MORALES, E. (2004). Dirección y administración integrada de personas. McGraw-Hill.
BALDEV, S.R.; ANUPAMA, R. (2010). Determinants of employee engagement in a preivate sector organization: An exploratory study. Advances in Magagement, 3: 52-59.
BISWAS, S. (2011). Psychological climate as an antecedent of job satisfaction & job involvement. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(3).
BLANCH, A.; ALUJA, A. (2010). Job involvement in a career transition from university to employment. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(3): 237-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.12.011
BLAU, G. (1985). A multiple study investigation of the dimensionality of job Involvement. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 27: 19-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(85)90050-8BLAU, G.; BOAL, K. (1987). Conceptualizing how job involvement and organizational commitment affect turnover and absenteeism. Academy of Management Review, 12(2): 288-300.
BOWLING, N.A.; BEEHR, T.A.; LEPISTO, L.R. (2006). Beyond job satisfaction: A five-year prospective analysis of the dispositional approach to work attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69: 315−330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.04.004
BRIEF, A.P.; MOTOWIDLO, S.J. (1986). Prosocial organizational behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 11: 710-725.
BROWN, S.P. (1996). A meta-analysis and review of organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 120: 235-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.2.235
BROWN, S.P.; LEIGH, T.W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 358–368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.358
BYTYQI, F.; RESHANI, V.; HASANI, V. (2010). Work stress, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among public employees before privatization. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(1).
CARMELI, A. (2005). Exploring determinants of job involvement: An empirical test. International Journal of Manpower, 26: 457-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720510615143
COHEN, A. (2010). The Relationship between commitment forms and work outcomes: A comparison of three models. Human Relations, 53(3): 387-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533005
COLVIN, A.J.S. (2004). The Relationship between employee involvement and workplace dispute resolution, relations industrielles. Industrial Relations, 59(4): 681-704.
CHADHA, N.K.; R. KAUR, R. (1987). correlational study of demographic variables with job involvement and job satisfaction in a public sector organization. Perspectives in Psychological Researches, 10(2): 11-18.
CHAUHAN, D. (2009). Effect of job involvement on burnout. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(3).CHELOHA, R.S.; FARR, J.R. (1980). Absenteeism, job involvement, and job satisfaction in a organizational setting. Journal of applied Psychology, 65: 467-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.4.467
CHEN, C.C.; CHIU, S.F. (2009). The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 149(4): 474-494.
CHRISTIAN, M.S.; GARZA, A.S.; SLAUGHTER, J.E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1): 89-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
CHUANG H.M. (2001). Research concerning the relationship between work values and job involvement of hospital nurses: Taking Christian hospital as an example. Taipei: National Chengchi University.
CHUGHTAI, A.A. (2008). Impact of job involvement on in-role job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 9: 169-183.
DANGWAL, R. (1995). Need satisfaction, job involvement and organizational hierarchy. Manpower Journal, XXXI(3).
DE CUYPER, N.; MAUNO, S.; KINNUNEN, U.; DE WITTE, H.; MÄKIKANGAS, A.; NÄTTI, J. (2010). Autonomy and workload in relation to temporary and permanent workers’ job involvement. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1): 40-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000004
DUBIN, R. (1961). Human relations in administration. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
EKMEKÇI, A.K. (2011). A study on involvement and commitment of employees in Turkey. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 3(3): 68-73.
ELFERING, A.; SEMMER, N. K.; TSCHAN, F.; KÄLIN, W.; BUCHER, A. (2007). First years in job: A three-wave analysis of work experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(1): 97-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.07.001
ELLOY, D.F.; EVERETT, J.E.; FLYNN, W.R. (1995). multidimensional mapping of the correlates of job involvement. Canadian Journal of Bahavioural Science, 27: 79-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/008-400X.27.1.79ELLOY, D.F.; EVERETT, J.E. (1991). An examination of the correlates of job involvement. Group & Organization Studies, 160-176.
FELDMAN, L.; BLANCO, G. (2006). Las emociones en el ambiente laboral: Un nuevo reto para las organizaciones. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 29.
FERNÁNDEZ-AGUADO, J.; PEÑALVER, O. (2005). Management, una aplicación práctica: la gestión de los sentimientos organizativos. Druk Comunicación.
FERNÁNDEZ-AGUADO, J. (2004). Feelings Management. La Gestión de los Sentimientos Organizativos. MindValue-La Caixa.
GAMERO, N. (2007). El clima afectivo en equipos de trabajo: Antecedentes y consecuencias. Tesis. Universidad de Valencia.
GARCÍA, S.; DOLAN, S. (1997). La Dirección por Valores: el cambio más allá de la dirección por objetivos. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
GARCÍA-CABRERA, A.M.; ÁLAMO-VERA, F.R.; HERNÁNDEZ, F.G. (2011). Antecedentes de la resistencia al cambio: Factores individuales y contextuales. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de Empresas.
GIL-MONTE, P.R.; PEIRÓ, J.M. (1999). Perspectivas teóricas y modelos interpretativos para el estudio del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo. Anales de Psicología, 261-268.
GONZÁLEZ, L.; DE ELENA, J. (1999). Medida de la implicación en el trabajo: Propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial del cuestionario: "Job Involvement". Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 15: 23-44.
GONZÁLEZ, P.; PEIRÓ, J.M.; BRAVO, M.J. (1996). Calidad de vida laboral. En J.M. Peiró & F. Prieto (Eds.). Tratado de Psicología del Trabajo. Vol. II: Aspectos psicosociales del trabajo: Síntesis Psicología.
GURIN, G.; VEROFF, J; FELD, S. (1960). Americans views their mental health. New York: Basic Books.
HACKMAN, J.R.; OLDHAM, G. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60: 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076546HALL, B.P.; ELÉXPURU, I. (2001). Valores y organizaciones que aprenden. Organización y gestión educativa, 3: 18-23.
HALL, D.T. (1971). A theoretical model of career subidentity development in organizational settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6: 50-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(71)90005-5
HALL, D.T. (1976). Careers in organizations. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
HAPPALI, A.B.; MALLAPPA, K.R. (1988). The effect of organisational climate on job satisfaction. Indian Journal of Community Guidance Service, 5: 43-47.
HARRISON, D.; MARTOCCHIO, J. (1998). Time for absenteeism: A 20-year review of origins, offshoots, and outcomes. Journal of Management, 24(3): 305-350.
HUMPHREY, S.E.; NAHRGANG, J.D.; MORGESON, F.P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1332–1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
HUSELID, M.A.; DAY, N.E. (1991). Organizational commitment, job involvement, and turnover: A substantive and methodological analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 380-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.380
IGBARIA, M.; PARASURAMAN, S.; BADAWY, M.K. (1994). Work experiences, job involvement, and quality of work life among information systems personnel. MIS Quarterly, 18(2): 171-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/249764
JONES, A.P.; JAMES L.R.; BRUNI, J.R. (1975). Perceived leadership behaviour and employee confidence in the leader as moderated by job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60: 146-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076359
KANFER, R.; ACKERMAN, P.L. (2004). Aging, adult development and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 440-458.
KANUNGO, R.N. (1979). The concepts of alienation and involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 119-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.1.119
KANUNGO, R.N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67: 341-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.67.3.341KAPLAN, R.A. (1990). The career anchors, job involvement and job satisfaction of professional people. Doctoral dissertation: University of Cape Town.
KHAN, T.I.; JAM, F.A.; AKBAR, A.; KHAN, M.B.; & HIJAZI, Z. (2011). Job involvement as predictor of employee commitment: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(4): 252-262.
KNOOP, R. (1986). Job involvement: An elusive concept. Psychological reports, 59: 451- 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.451
KNOOP, R. (1995). Relationship among job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment for nurses. The Journal of Psychology, 129: 643–649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1995.9914935
LAMBERT, E. (2004). The impact of job characteristics on correctional staff. Prison Journal, 84: 208-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885504265078
LAMBERT, J.S. (1991). The combined effects of job and family characteristics on the job satisfaction, job involvement, and intrinsic motivation of men and women workers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(4): 341-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030120408
LAWLER, E.E. III. (1986). High-involvement management: Participative strategies for improving organizational performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
LAWLER, E.E. III. (1992). The ultimate advantage: Creating the high-involvement organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
LAWLER, E.E. III; HALL, D.T. (1970). Relationship of job characteristics to job involvement, satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54: 305-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0029692
LAZEAR, E.; ROSEN, S. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimal labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 89: 841-864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261010
LODAHL, T. (1964). Patterns of Job Attitudes in Two Assembly Technologies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 8: 482-519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2391429
LODAHL, T. M.; KEJNER, M. (1964). Patterns of job attitudes in two assembly tecnologies. Administrative science quartely, 8: 482-519.LODAHL, T.M.; KEJNER, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49: 24-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0021692
LORENCE, J. (1987). A test of "Gender" and "Job" models of sex differences in job involvement. Social Forces, 66: 121-142.
LORENCE, J.; MORTIMER, J.T. (1985). Job involvement through the life course: A panel study of three age groups. American Sociological Review, 50: 618-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095378
MACEY, W.H.; SCHNEIDER, B. (2008). The meaning of the employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 1(1): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
MANNHEIM, B. (1993). Gender and the effects of demographics, status, and work values on work centrality. Work and Occupations, 20: 13-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888493020001001
MARTÍNEZ-LUGO, M.E. (1990). Variables asociadas con la involucración en el trabajo. Variables associated with work involvement. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 22(2): 211-222.
MATHIEU, J.E.; FARR, J.L. (1991). Further evidence for the discriminant validity of measures of organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 127-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.127
MISHRA, P.C.; SHYAM, S. (2005). Social support and job involvement in prison officers. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 3(2): 7-11.
MORROW, P.C.; McELROY, J.C.; BLUM, M. (1988). Work commitment among Department of Transportation employees. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 8: 96-104.
MUELLER, C.W.; MCCLOSKEY, J.C. (1990). Nurses' job satisfaction: A proposed measure. Journal Nurse Research, 39(2): 113-117.
NAAZ, H. (1999). Job characteristics and demographic variables predictor of job involvement of textile mill workers. Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 25(2): 75-78.NEWCOMBE, D.K. (1997). An investigation of transactional and transformational leadership and their impact on job satisfaction and job involvement. Master’s dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.
NEWTON, T.; KEENAN, T. (1991). Further analyses of the dispositional argument in organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6): 781–787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.781
NG, T.W.H.; FELDMAN, D.C. (2010). The relationships of age with job attitudes: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 63: 677-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01184.x
ORPEN, C. (1982). Effect of Job Involvement on the work-leisure relationship: Correlational study among bank clerks and police officers. Psychological Reports, 355-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.50.2.355
PATEL, M.K. (1995). Job satisfaction and job involvement among nurses. Academy of Applied Psychology, 21(2): 119-125.
PATHAK, B.; PATHAK, R. (1987). Job involvement of public sector metallurgical plant employees. Indian Journal of Applied Psychology, 24(2):1 19-124.
PATHAK, R.D. (1982). A study of job involvement and job performance among bank employees. Asian Journal of Psychology & Education, 9: 28-35.
PFEFFER, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
PROBST, T.M. (2000). Wedded to the job: Moderating effects of job involvement on the consequences of job insecurity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1): 63-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.63
RABINOWITZ, S.; HALL, D.T.; GOODALE, J.G. (1977). Job scope and individual differences as predictors of job involvement: independent or interactive. Academy Management Journal, 20: 273-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255400
RABINOWITZ, S.; HALL, D.T. (1977). Organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 84: 265-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.265
RASHEED, M.F. (1993). Job involvement: A study of personal and situational factors. Economics and Administration Journal, 6(1).RUH, R.A.H.; WHITE, J.K.; WOOD, R.R. (1975). Job involvement, values, personal background. Academy of Management, 300-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255532
SAAL, F.E. (1978). Job involvement: A multivariate Approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.1.53
SALEH, S.D.; HOSEK, J. (1976). Job involvement: Concepts and measurement. Academy of Management Journal, 19: 213-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255773
SALOVEY, P.; MAYER, J.D.; ROSENHAN, D.L. (1991). Mood and helping: Mood as a motivator of helping and helping as a regulator of mood. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 12: 215-237.
SALLAN, J.M.; SIMO, P.; FERNÁNDEZ, V.; ENACHE, M. (2010). Estudio de la relación entre el compromiso organizativo y la intención de abandonar la organización: Modelo de dos componentes de compromiso de continuidad. Cuadernos de gestión, 10(2): 15-28.
SCHULER, R.S. (1975). Determinants of job involvement: Individual vs. organizational: An extension of the literature. Proceedings of Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans.
SEARS, D.O. (1981). Life stage effects on attitude change, especially among the elderly. In S.B. Kiesler, J.N. Morgan, & V.K. Oppenheimer (Eds.). Aging: Social Change (pp 183-204). New York: Academic Press.
SEKERAN, U.; MOWDAY, R.T. (1981). A cross-cultural analysis of the influence of individual and job characteristics on job Involvement. International Review of Applied Psychology, 30: 51-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1981.tb00979.x
SHARMA, S.; SHARMA, R.K. (1978). A study of job involvement in relation to certain demographic variables among engineers. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 14(1): 141-148.
SHIELDS, M.A; WARD, M. (2001). Improving nurse retention in the National Health Service in England: the impact of job satisfaction on intention to quit. Journal of Health Economics, 20: 677- 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(01)00092-3
SHORE, T.H.; THORNTON, G.C. III; SHORE, L.M. (1990). Construct validaty of two categories of assessment center dimension ratings. Personnel Psychology, 43: 101-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02008.xSIEGEL, A.L.; RUH, R.A.H. (1973). Job involvement, participation in decision making, personal background and job behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9(2): 318-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(73)90055-X
SINGH, M.; PESTONJEE, D.M. (1990). Job involvement, sense of participation and job satisfaction. Indian Journal of Industrial relations, 26(2): 59-165.
SINGH, P.; GUPTA, U.; RASTOGI, M. (1981). Job-involvement in relation to marital status and sex. Psychological Studies, 26(2): 82-83.
STEEL, R.P.; RENTSCH, J.R. (1997). The dispositional model of job attitudes revisited: Findings of a 10-year study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6): 873-879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.873
SUPER, D.E. (1957). The Psychology of Careers. New York: Harper.
TANG, T.C. (2000). The study on how work values and job characteristics influence the job involvement and intention to quit of the internal auditors in Taiwan. National Sun Yat-sen University.
THÉVENET, M. (1992). Les styles de direction. Paris: Vuibert. Encyclopédie du management.
THORESEN, C.J.; KAPLAN, S.A.; BARSKY, A.P.; WARREN, C.R.; CHERMONT, K. (2003). The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration. Psychology Bulletin, 129: 914-945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.914
TUMMERS, G.E.; JANSSEN, P.P, LANDEWEERD A.; HOUKES, I. (2002). A comparative study of work characteristics and reactions between general and mental health nurses: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Advanced Nurse, 38(3): 319.
VENAKATACHALAM, J.; REDDY, K.S. (1996). Impact of job level and job tenure on work involvement, job involvement and job satisfaction in different organizations. Human Relations, 76-81.
VROOM, V.H. (1962). Ego-involvement, job satisfaction, and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 15: 159-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1962.tb01858.xVROOM, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley.
WEISS, H. M.; CROPANZANO, R. (1996). Affective Events Theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B.M. Staw & L.L. Cummings (Eds.). Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, 18: 1-74.
WEGGE, J.; SCHMIDT, K.H.; PARKES, C.; VAN DICK, R. (2007). Taking a sickie. Job satisfaction and job involvement as interactive predictors of absenteeism in a public organization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80: 77-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317906X99371
WYK, R.V.; BOSHOFF, A.B.; CILLIERS, F. (2003). The prediction of job involvement for pharmacists and accounts. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(3): 61-67.
ZENG, H.; XIANG ZHOU, X.; HAN, J. (2009). Employee engagement and personal performance in hotel service industry of China. Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management, 710-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSSSM.2009.5174973

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com