Buradasınız

Exploring the Impracticability of Press Freedom during a Political Transition

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
This article examines the conceptual approaches to press freedom and delineates the impracticability of both the Western libertarian and development models in post-communist Eastern Europe and democratic evolving Third World societies such as those in Africa, where the ubuntu approach is embraced by many of the countries. The article explores the impracticability of the Western libertarian model of press freedom that emphasizes on the absence of government intervention in a media system. In situations where such interventions exits,as is the case with the development and ubuntumodels; I examine how these ideologies areunrealistic in either promoting press freedom or the development goals, which they aim to achieve. The article argues that press freedom in its real sense is impracticable to be achieved anywhere in the world because of some unaddressed lapses under different contexts and circumstances in its theories.
1
26

REFERENCES

References: 

Alstschull, J.H. (1984) Agents of Power: The Role of the news media in human affairs. New York, London: Longman
Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Accessed on April 20, 2012 from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml
Baglo,G.(2008)The journalists working conditions in Africa. Paper issued on UNESCO world press freedom day. Accessed on 12/10/2012 from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/WPFD2009/pdf/wpfd20...
Banda, F. (2007) The Media in Africa, in P.J.Fourie(ed), Media Studies: History, Media and Society. Cape Town: Juta & Co Ltd
CliffsNotes.com.The Structure of the Mass Media and Government Regulation. Accessed on 27 September 2012 from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-65383,articleId-65...
Curran, J. (2002) Media and Power. London: Routledge
Curran, J & Park, M. (2000) Beyond globalization theory, in J.Curran & M.Park (eds) De-Westernizing Media Studies. London: Routledge.
Czepak, A., Hellwig, M., & Nowak, E. (2009) Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe. Concepts and Conditions. European Communication Research and Education Association: 10-314
Eribo, F & Jong-Ebot, W. (1997) Introduction, in F.Eribo and W, Jong-Ebot (eds) Press Freedom and Communication in Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World press.
Faringer, G. (1991) Press freedom in Africa. New York: Praeger
Feldman, D. (1993) Civil liberties and human rights in England and Wales. Oxford: Clarendon press.
Fourie, P.J. (2007) The role and functions of the media in society, in P.J.Fourie (ed) Media Studies: History, Media and Society. Cape Town: Juta & Co Ltd
Freedom House; Freedom of the Press 2012.Accessed on 20 September 2012 from http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Booklet%20for%20Website.pdf
Gunaratne, S.A. (2002) Freedom of the Press: A World System Perspective. The International Journal for Communication Studies 64 (4):343-369
Hachten, W.A. (1999) The World News Prism: Changing Media of International Communication. Arnes: Iowa State University press.
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 4 – Issue: 1 – January - 2014
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
25
Hachten, W.A (1987) The World News Prism: Changing Media, Clashing Ideology. Ames: Iowa State
Hachten, W.A. (1971) Muffled Drums. Ames: Iowa State University press
Hardy, J. (2008) Western Media Systems. London: Routledge
Hutching Commission on Freedom of the Press (1947) A Free and Responsible Press. The University of Chicago http://archive.org/stream/freeandresponsib029216mbp#page/n27/mode/2up (accessed on July 25, 2012)
Kelly, D & Donway, R. (1990) Liberalism in free speech, in J, Lichtenberg (ed), Mass media and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University press.
Kerina, K. (1999) Introduction. In CPJ Special Report. Accessed on 17/10/2012 from http://www.cpj.org/attacks98/1998/Africa/NigeriaSR.html
Kit-Wai, M.E (2000) Rethinking media studies, in J.Curran & M.Park (eds) De-Westernizing media studies. London: Routledge
Kwamwangamalu, N.M (1999) Ubuntu in South Africa: A Sociolinguistic perspective to a pan-African concept. Accessed on 10/10/2012 from http://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=237892375&DB=p
Lerner, D. (1963) “Toward a communication theory of modernization” in L‟Pye (ed) Communications and Political Development, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University press
MacBride, S., et al. (1980) Many Voices, One World: Communication and Society, Today and Tomorrow. Paris: UNESCO
McQuail, D. (1987) Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction. London: Sage Publications
McNair, B. (2000) Power, Profit, Corruption and Lies, in J.Curran & M.Park (eds) De-Westernizing Media Studies. London: Routledge.
Nam, S. (1983)”Press Freedom in the Third World”(pp 311-321) in L. Martin and A. Chaudhary (eds),Comparative Mass Media Systems. New York: Longman
Nerone, J.C. (1995) Last Rights: Revisiting Four Theories of the Press. Accessed on 29/07/2012 from http://books.google.be/books?id=VtclooATFawC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad...
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 4 – Issue: 1 – January - 2014
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
26
Nossek, H & Rinnawi, K. (2003) Censorship and Freedom of the Press under Changing Political Regimes. The International Journal for Communication Studies, 65(2):183-202
Nyamnjoh, F.B. (1990) How to “Kill” an underdeveloped press: Lessons from Cameroon. Gazette, 46, 57-75.
Oloyede, B. (2005) “Press Freedom: A Conceptual Analysis”. Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2):101-109
Okunna, C.S. (1990) “Freedom of the Press in the Third World: Freedom for Whom?”Nigerian Journal of Mass Communication, 1(1):140-149
Rao, S &Wasserman, H. (2007) Global media ethics revisited. A postcolonial critique. Global Media and Communication, 3(1):29-50
Rozumilowicz, B. (2002) Democratic Change. A theoretical Perspective, in M.E Price, B.Rozumilowicz & S.G Verhulst (eds), Media Reform: Democratizing the State. New York: Routledge.
Siebert, F, Pieterson, T & Schramm, W.(1956) Four Theories of the Press. The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do. Urbana: University of Illinois.
Skjerdal, T.S.(2012) The three alternative journalisms of Africa. The International Communication Gazette, 74(7) 636-654 .
Sparks, C. (2000) Media theory after the fall of European communism, J.Curran & M.Park (eds) De-Westernizing media studies. London: Routledge
Stevenson, R.L (2004) Freedom of the press around the world, in J.C Merrill and S.Arnold (eds), Global Journalism: Topical issues and media systems. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon
The American Spectator (2010) A Free Press means Free from Government control, accessed on September 20, 2012 from http://spectator.org/archives/2010/10/04/a-free-press-means-free-from-g
Weaver, D. (1977) “The Press and Government Restrictions: A Cross National Study over Time”. International Communication Gazette 23:152-170
Voltmer, K. (2006) Mass media and political communication in New Democracies. Oxon: Routledge

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com