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Karbon nanotüp katkılı camlifi-epoksi kompozitlerin termal ve eğilme özelliklerinin araştırılması

Investigations on the thermal and flexural properties of plain weave glass/epoxy-nanocarbon composites

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Abstract (2. Language): 
In the last two decade, the discovery of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have shown the potential development in properties and performances of fiber reinforced polymer matrix materials. The CNTs reinforced composite materials have been used wide range of applications. The biggest problem in nano particulate reinforced composite is agglomeration. Many methods are being used for dispersing nano particulates homogenously inside epoxy system without agglomeration. Most efficient way to overcome this problem is using ultrasonic mixer. In this method, ultrasonic sound waves distribute the agglomerated nano particle. In this study, the plain weave glass/epoxy composites was modified with carbon nanotubes, to obtain the effects of particle reinforcement on the response of these materials under tensile, flexural and thermomechanical loading. In this study, firstly the double-walled carbon nanotubes – DWCNTs were added epoxy resin, and then the mixture was sonicated. After mixing the resin with the carbon nanotube, the epoxy resin–carbon nanotube solution was cooled to room temperature and then followed by laminate processing. In the second step, the epoxy resin–carbon nanotube solution was carefully performed by using hand roller to glass fibres. For comparision, control samples of plain weave glass/epoxy without carbon nanotubes were also fabricated. Four different types of treated epoxies were examined: 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 1 wt% and 1.25 wt% of epoxy. The limitation on the upper bound of the carbon nanotubes content was set as 1.25 wt% of epoxy since the addition of double-walled carbon nanotubes – DWCNTs increased the viscosity of the epoxy during the fabrication. Tensile test, 3-point bend flexure and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) studies were performed on 15-layered samples. Three samples of each type plain weave glass/epoxy-carbon nanotube composites were tested and determined the average values of flexural strength and modulus. Bending tests were conducted in displacement control mode with crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Load-deflection data for each sample was saved. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were then calculated. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of various specimens were performed DMA Q800 (Manufacturer:TA Instruments) according to ASTM D4065. Results of tensile and flexural tests showed significant improvements in tension, flexural strength and modulus for carbon nanotubes reinforced composites as compared to the control samples. According to tensile and three-point bending test results, it was observed that double-walled carbon nanotubes – DWCNTs reinforcement could increase the flexural modulus and strength of the materials. The average increase in modulus of elasticity and tensile strength with the addition of 0.5 wt% doublewalled carbon nanotubes–DWCNTs improved by 15% and 46%, respectively. However, with 1.0 % and 1.25 % double-walled carbon nanotubes – DWCNTs, it was reported a 3% and 6% decrease in modulus elasticity respectively. From DMA results, it was seen that storage modulus and glass transition temperature changed for different weight percentages of double-walled carbon nanotubes – DWCNTs samples.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada, dokuma cam kumaş ve epoksiden oluşan kompozite karbon nanotüp ilave edilerek kompozit üretilmiş, ayrıca, çeki, eğilme ve termomekanik yükleme etkisi altındaki davranışları incelenmiştir. Karbon nanotüpün etkisini görebilmek için hem ağırlıkça değişik oranlarda katkılı hem de karbon nanotüp katkısız numuneler üretilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, çekme, eğme ve dinamik mekanik analizlerde (DMA) en iyi sonucu hangi karbon nanotüp ağırlık oranında olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Ilk olarak, ağırlıkça değişik oranlarda (% 0,5 % 0,75; % 1 ve % 1,25 ) karbon nanotüpler, epoksi reçine içerisine karıştırılmış ve ultrasonik ses dalgaları gönderilerek, karbon nanotüpün topaklanmadan epoksi reçine içerisine homojen karışımı sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra bu karışım, dokuma cam kumaşlara el yatırma yöntemi ile sürülerek 15 tabakalı kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. ASTM standartlarına uygun olarak, üretilen numunelere, çekme ve üç nokta eğme testleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu numunelerin deformasyon altında depolayabildiği ve harcadığı mekanik enerjiyi belirlemek için Dinamik Mekanik Analizleri (DMA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, karbon nanotüp ilavesi, malzemenin çekme, eğilme dayanımları ve termomekanik özelliklerini değiştirmiştir. Karbon nanotüp katkılı numunelerin çekme ve eğilme dayanımı, karbon nanotüp oranı %0,75’e kadar arttıkça iyileştiği görülmüştür. Ancak katkılı numunelerin bazı oranlarında, karbon nanotüpün epoksi reçine içerisine homojen dağılmaması yani topaklanmasından dolayı, çekme ve eğilme dayanımları katkısız numunelere kıyasla azalmıştır. Ağırlıkça % 0,5 ve 0,75 karbon nanotüp içeren numuneler, sırasıyla, çekme ve eğilme testleri(dayanım ve modül) açısından en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Ayrıca, dinamik mekanik analizlerde, sıcaklık artışıyla birlikte depolanan modül miktarı tüm numunelerde düşmüştür. Yine, camsı geçiş sıcaklığında en fazla artış, ağırlıkça % 0,5 karbon nanotüp içeren numunelerde elde edilmiştir.
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