Diyarbakır tarihi Suriçi bölgesi akustik mirasının değerlendirilmesi

Architects and urban planners strive to improve the environmental quality of the cities. One of the criteria required to do this is the acoustic comfort. In many studies carried out, it was found out that it is not enough to reduce environmental noise to increase the acoustic comfort, and the extent people affected by noise does not overlap with expectations. Therefore, the "soundscape" approach, which describes the acoustic identity of a region, has emerged in acoustic comfort. Through soundscape, in the evaluation of the urban acoustics, it can be considered both discomfort caused by noise (annoyance) and the effects of different voices specific to the area studied. Sound environment in urban spaces can be measured quantitatively and, additionally, subjective data of users about the are as they live can also be evaluated. In recent years, there have been many studies especially with regard to users' soundscape perception in urban spaces. It is understood in these studies that users’ perceptions of sound environment in urban areas can vary depending on the culture and areas. This shows us that each area can create a unique perception of sound environment. Especially in the historical cities, this perception can change considerably. This study aims to evaluate the overall effect of sound sources, which define acoustic heritage of historical urban areas, on users by means of soundscape approach. The historical Surici Region of Diyarbakir, which has thousands of years of history and hosted many civilizations and cultures, was selected as the application area. In the historical region were taken listening walks in order to identify the sound sources heard by the users. As a result of listening walks were identified the sound sources (shoe repairers, sherbet sellers, talks, children's voices, traffic, coppersmiths, blacksmiths, dengbêjs, church bell, call for prayer, wheelbarrows, stove makers, carpenters, police sirens and the clerk shouts), often heard in the city and acquired identification. Areas where the sound sources determined were identified. Sound recordings were performed in order to obtain the acoustic data about the areas where the sound sources are located. Quantitative data of Sound Pressure Level (SPL) obtained from the recordings realized by using binaural audio recorders were calculated using appropriate software. In order to obtain users’ subjective evaluations of the sound environment of urban spaces, a survey was conducted within the application area. In the survey study, it was aimed to measure users' perceptions regarding the noise levels in areas the sound sources have been identified, and perception of pleasantness in these areas. The analyses of the quantitative data obtained from audio recordings and results from the survey study were carried out. In addition, it was also aimed to determine the demographic variables (age, gender, education level and income level), their reasons for coming to the area, the frequency to come and duration they stay in the field, which may affect users’ sound environment perceptions in urban areas. As a result, it was found out that sound sources, especially those which create our acoustic heritage, have remarkable impact on users. It is understood in this study that the high sound pressure level of the sound sources which make up our acoustic heritage and located in the acoustic identity of the historical Surici Region of Diyarbakir does not reduce the level of user pleasantness. In addition, it is concluded that the users’ perception of soundscape is of great importance in urban planning, the sound environment of urban areas cannot be evaluated without considering symbol sounds which creates the acoustic identity, and it is essential to protect the sound sources imprinted on our cultural identity, despite their high sound pressure levels.