Observational affecting structural
system and causes damage to the
historic church in Diyarbakir
Journal Name:
- Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi
Keywords (Original Language):
Author Name | University of Author | Faculty of Author |
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Abstract (2. Language):
In this study, the reasons causes problems in the
structural systems of the historical Diyarbakir's
Churches which is located in the old town and
surrounded by the world famous walls were
observed in terms of architecture, construction
technics, structural materials.
Although publishs indicated existence of twenty
two churches in the past only eight of them
completely or partially reached today. Two in
South West, two in South East, third in North Est
and one available in citadel. In spite of limited
population of Christians, three of churches are
still active.
This study that was started in March 2014. The
problems of structural systems of these churches
were periodically photographed and specific
damage identity of them were created.
Five churches has damaged in different levels
because of different reason including during four
months. Post December 2015 damages in the
buildings were also generally presented
Any important damage was not observed in the
structural system of Surp Giragos Armenian
Church that is restored and opened for worship
in 2012. However, small damages such as glass
breakages, small debris were observed in the
southern face of the building after the conflict.
Axis shift, opening, separation and dissolution
observed in Saint George (Kara Papaz) Church
depend on faulty restoration. Structural system
problems had been continued in this church.
Separation, dissolution, loss of fees, axis shift
and joint discharge depend on restoration and
restoration was observed in the Latin Church
which located a part of Süleyman Nazif Primary
School. However, multi-purpose hall of the
church that is called as "Naos" had been
converted to concrete.
Worship part of Mar Petyum Keldani Catholic Church
was repaired simply by the community. Carrier system
of the patriarchate and housing part has been quite
damaged. The rest of structural elements were also
affected by ambient conditions in the intermediate and
upper floor of the patriarchate (Located in east part of
the Church) which completely destroyed. Material
loss, joint release and track breaks were observed in
these parts which open to the outside environment.
This church also affected from the conflict stated
above. Therefore, all shops located in the southern
front were demolished and internal main gate and
fountain were partially destroyed. However, the
church has been maintained its structural integrity.
Armenian Catholic Church located in the southeast
part was restored in 2007 and significantly destroyed
in the process of December 2015 and March 2016.
Axis shift, disintegration and dissolution walls,
damage due to loss of structural elements had been
identified before December 2015 and March 2016.
The building is out of service. Hence the necessary
restoration was started.
Meryem Ana (Mar Yakup) located in the southeast
part is a Syriac Church which has exist by simple
repair realized by the community. Cracks thought to
be due to ground subsidence were observed in the
dome of the building and the superstructure of the
narthex was converted to concrete. This overload has
been caused to axis shift in the column, the joint
discharge of the walls, mortar loss.
However, Moisture-induced damage, dissolution
on the walls, concrete overload in the top cover
and irregularities originated form faulty
restoration and using are some of the problems
observed in this building.
Protestan Church is a building which all the walls and
top cover converted to concrete plaster and restored
in 2008. But it is used for other purposes now.
Surp Sargis Armenian Church is one of the most
damaged churches. Top cover of church's naos
completely destroyed. Axis shifts, belt separation and
dissolution were observed in the naos part. However,
all floors in the narthex were destroyed and damage
occurs in the associated walls. Because of the church
using as "Rice Factory" briquettes were used to close
between columns and thus damage in the structural
system of this building has been accelerated.
Top cover of all the part of the church except apse
destroyed and therefore it was left vulnerable to
natural conditions.
Damages sourced from the problems in the structural
system of the churches that need restoration or
restored improperly are generally the same. But they
can show some differences depend on position and
status. Nevertheless, damages level of each churches
were evaluated and observed separately.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Surlarla çevrili bir kentsel sit alanı olan Sur içi bölgesinde kaynaklar22adet kilisenin varlığından bahsetse de, günümüze bunlardan sadece sekiz adedi ulaşmıştır. Farklı etnik köken ve mezheplere ait bu yapılardan Ermeni cemaatine ait Surp Giragos Ermeni Kilisesi, Surp Sargis Kilisesi ile Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi, Süryanillere ait Protestan Kilisesi, Mar Yakup-Meryem Ana Kilisesi, Latin Kilisesi, Keldanilere ait Mar Petyum Keldani Kilisesi ile İç kale 'de Saint George (Kara Papaz) Kilisesi bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada günümüze ulaşan sekiz tarihi kilisenin mimari ve yapım özellikleri incelenerek sınıflandırılmış (Tablol), taşıyıcı sistem hasarları gözlemsel olarak belirlenmeye ve gruplandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Taşıyıcı sistem sorunları ve buna bağlı oluşan hasarlar kiliselerde değişkenlik gösterdiğinden, her kilise için ayrı değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Restorasyonu yapılmış ancak taşıyıcı sistem sorun ve hasarları devam eden ve hasar düzeyleri yüksek olan kiliselerin bu durumları da belirlenerek, hasar düzeylerinin belirlendiği tablolar oluşturulmuştur (Tablo2-3).
Dyarbakır Sur içi Bölgesinde Aralık 2015- Mart 2016 tarihleri arasında yaşanan süreçte beş tarihi kilisede farklı boyutlarda tahribatlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu alanlara gerektiği gibi girilememesi nedeniyle meydana gelen hasarlar fotoğraflarla belgelenerek sınıflandırılmış, ayrı bir tablo olarak gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır (Tablo 4).
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