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Türkiye’de Yerel Buğday Popülasyonlarının Durumu ve Yerel Buğday Üreten Üreticilerin Üretim Kararlarında Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

The General Situation of Wheat Landrace Populations and Factors Affecting Production Decisions of Wheat Landrace Producers in Turkey

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.13002/jafag4225
Abstract (2. Language): 
Turkey is one of the important gene centers and at the same time is the homeland of wheat. Wheat is a strategic product of Anatolia with 10,000 years history, and it is also a cultural heritage. This cultural heritage and genetic diversity have left in their place new modern wheat varieties, thus genetic erosion, increased use of inputs because of technological advances, and socio-economic factors due to increased human population, greater efficiency, and the desire for more economic gain. In this study, we tried to identify factors that are effective in decision-making of the producers of wheat landrace populations whose production areas have narrowed. The study was carried out from 2009 to 2014 in 65 provinces of Turkey under the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) coordinated by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, CIMMYT and ICARDA and with cooperation with the FAO last two years. The questionnaires forms were completed with 1873 wheat landrace producers by face-to-face interviews in their settlements by the "Purposeful Sampling Method". The major finding was that local wheat populations are still produced in Turkey with the aim of meeting the farmers’ own needs in mountainous areas where agricultural activities are mostly done using traditional systems. It was revealed that traditional taste and flavor of household products, such as bread, and animal husbandry activities were the most important factors in sustaining these wheat landrace populations.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Türkiye önemli gen merkezlerinden biri olup aynı zamanda buğdayın anavatanı konumundadır. Anadolu’da 10.000 yıllık bir tarihi olan buğdayın stratejik bir ürün olmasının yanı sıra kültürel bir mirastır. Bu kültürel miras ve genetik çeşitlilik teknolojideki ilerlemeler, girdi kullanımındaki artış, artan nüfus, daha fazla verim ve daha fazla ekonomik kazanç elde edinme isteği gibi nedenlerle yerini yeni modern buğday çeşitlerine bırakmış, yani genetik erozyona uğramıştır. Bu çalışma ile ekim alanları daralmış yerel buğday popülasyonlarını (YBP) üreten üreticilerin bu popülasyonları üretmeye devam etmelerinde etkili olan faktörler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 2009-2014 yıllarında Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, CIMMYT ve ICARDA tarafından koordine edilen IWWIP (International Winter Wheat Improvement Program-Uluslararası Kışlık Buğday Geliştirme Programı) çatısı altında ve son 2 yılında FAO işbirliğinde Türkiye’de 65 ilde yürütülmüştür. “Gayeli Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile belirlenen yerleşim yerlerinde toplam 1873 yerel buğday üreticisi ile yüz yüze anket soru formları doldurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de yerel buğday popülasyonlarının hala dağlık ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin daha çok geleneksel sistemlerle yapıldığı alanlarda kendi ihtiyacını karşılamak amacı ile üretilmekte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel tat ve lezzet ile hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin bu popülasyonun devam etmesindeki en önemli etkenler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
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