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BOSNA-HERSEK ÇÖKÜŞ HALİNDE OLAN BİR DEVLET Mİ?

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.12787/KARAM1095
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Abstract (2. Language): 
Bosnia-Herzegovina witnessed a bloody civil war during the dissolution of Yugoslavia, in parallel with the ethno-cultural and religious diversity that she possesses. By finishing the civil war, Dayton Agreement is also created a political outlook that legitimizes the identity based societal differences in administrative terms. The state apparatus that Dayton has built, constrained the disagreements related with societal identities into the political units that are disjointed and paved the way for the continuation of identity based alienation. This reality also avoids the federal (central) government to have a political legitimacy within the context of federate and other sublevel administrative authorities. Failed state approach defines the states, which lose their monopoly of being the unique authority on their homestall, experience political and economical instability and wrapped up with security problems and fraud. When we assess the political outlook of Bosnia- Herzegovina, many prescriptions of the “failed state approach” urged will give the meaning that this country could be seen as a failing state.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bosna-Hersek, Yugoslavya'nın parçalanması sürecine paralel olarak, sahip olduğu etno-kültürel ve dinsel çeşitliliğe referansla kanlı bir iç savaşa sahne olmuştur. İç savaşı sona erdiren Dayton Antlaşması ise kimlik tabanlı toplumsal farklılıkları yönetimsel anlamda meşrulaştıran bir siyasal görünüm yaratmıştır. Dayton'un yarattığı devlet aygıtı, toplumsal kimliklere içkin olan anlaşmazlıkları birbirinden ayrı yönetimsel birimler içerisine sıkıştırmış ve toplumsal/etnik kimlik odaklı yabancılaşmanın süreklilik arz etmesine neden olmuştur. Bu gerçeklik, federal (merkezi) hükümetin ülke içerisindeki federe entiteler ve kantonlar gibi alt seviye yönetimsel birimler nezdinde siyasal bir meşruiyete haiz olmasının önünde ciddi bir engel oluşturmaktadır. Başarısız devlet yaklaşımı, kendi toprakları üzerinde tek meşru otorite olma iddiasını yitirmiş, ekonomik ve siyasal istikrarsızlık içerisinde ve geniş çaplı yolsuzluk ile ciddi güvenlik problemleri yaşayan ülkeler için kullanılan bir tanımlamadır. Bosna-Hersek'in siyasal görünümünü analiz ettiğimizde, başarısız devlet yaklaşımının öngördüğü problemlerin büyük bir bölümüne rastlamaktayız. Bu bakımdan, Bosna-Hersek'in, başarısız devlet yaklaşımı içerisinde değerlendirilen “zayıf ya da çöküş sürecinde olan devlet” anlayışı bağlamında ele alınabileceğini söyleyebiliriz.
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