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KRİZİN İLK İKİ YILINDA SURİYE KRİZİNİN ÇÖZÜMÜ/ ÇÖZÜMSÜZLÜĞÜNDE RUSYA

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.12787/KARAM1005
Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The process of “Arab Spring” beginning in Tunisia and spreading to the Middle East brings radical changes together in the region. Syria forms the recent and the most painful chain of this process. Because of the conditions special to Syria, the Arab Spring which is experienced in North Africa has led to a long-lasting instability in Syrian territory. The main factor complicating the Syria issue in terms of international politics has been the different and conflicting approaches and positions of the regional and global actors being directly and indirectly involved in the process. By being an actor, the critical attitude of Turkey, the Irans’s unconditional support to the Assad regime against The USA and E.U’s calls to the Assad government to leave the power and the Russia’s and China’s vetos to the United Nations’ sanctions, all reflect the general aspect of the parties’ conflicting positions. In terms of its outcomes, Syria conflict seems to have the potential both to affect Middle East and world politics. The aim of this study is to analyze in detail the approaches of Russia to the Syrian conflict as a current international issue as well as Russia’s attempts to solve the problem. Russia’s foreign policy, as a regional and global actor, includes both normative and realist components. With a deductive methodology, the Syrian conflict which is firstly placed in the general framework of Russia’s approach to Arab Spring would be analyzed in respect to Russian’s perception and understanding of its own interests and world politics. The internal and external factors and dynamics being effective on the formation of Russia’s approach to the Syrian conflict would be discussed in terms of the continuity/change in the policies that are pursued by Russia within the framework of Arab Spring. Finally, on the conceptual basis of Russian foreign policy, its counter position to the humanitarian intervention and practice would be evaluated.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Tunus’ta başlayıp Ortadoğu’ya yayılan “Arap Baharı” süreci bölgede köklü değişimleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sürecin en son ve sancılı halkasını Suriye oluşturmaktadır. Bölge dışı aktörlerin soruna ilişkin kendi aralarındaki çatışmacı yaklaşımları ve Suriye’nin kendine özgü koşulları nedeniyle Kuzey Afrika’da yaşanan “Arap Baharı” Suriye topraklarında uzun süren bir iç savaşa, uluslararası düzeyde ise karmaşık bir uluslararası çatışmaya dönüşmüştür. Uluslararası politika açısından Suriye sorununu karmaşıklaştıran temel faktör, sürece doğrudan/dolaylı müdahil olan bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerin birbirinden farklı ve çatışan çıkar, yaklaşım ve pozisyonları olmuştur. Aktör temelinde, Türkiye’nin eleştirel tutumu; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Suriye Devlet Başkanı Beşar Esad’a iktidarı bırakma çağrısı karşısında İran’ın Şam yönetimini koşulsuz desteklemesinin yanı sıra Rusya ve Çin’in Birleşmiş Milletler Örgütünün (BM) Suriye’ye yaptırım kararlarını veto etmeleri, tarafların çatışan pozisyonlarının genel görünümünü yansıtmaktadır. Çıktıları itibarı ile Suriye sorunun gerek Ortadoğu’nun gerekse dünya politikasını etkileme potansiyeli güçlü görünmektedir. Çalışmanın genel olarak amacı, Rusya’nın güncel bir uluslararası sorun olan Suriye meselesine yaklaşımını ve çatışmanın çözümlemesi konusunda yaptığı diplomatik girişimleri etraflıca analiz etmektir. İlk olarak “Arap Baharı” yaklaşımı genel çerçevesi içine yerleştirecek olan Suriye sorununu Rusya’nın kendi çıkarları ve dünya siyaseti açısından nasıl algıladığı ve tanımladığı ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra Suriye sorunu konusunda Rusya’nın yaklaşımının biçimleşmesinde etkili olan içsel ve dışsal faktörler ve dinamikler temelinde Moskova’nın “Arap Baharı” çerçevesinde izlediği politikalar meydana gelen değişim ya da kalıcılık açısından tartışılacaktır. Son olarak, Rus dış politikasının konseptüel dayanakları temelinde “insani müdahale” kavramı ve uygulamalarına muhalif yaklaşımı değerlendirilecektir.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
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