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EGE’NİN İKİ YAKASINDA YAY SESLERİ

SOUND OF THE BOW IN BOTH SIDES OF AEGEAN

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.21733/ibad.2138

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Instruments, which have been transferred from generation to generation, are fundamental pillars that keep the cultural existence of societies alive. They gain different identities in different cultural regions with symbolical characteristics. Therefore, the identities of instruments take shape according to the society in which they exist and this existence should be investigated within each region and locality.In this context, the pear shaped fiddle, played by fingernail contact, has been played on both sides of Aegean Sea with different identities and special features. The pear shaped fiddle has been used in geographic regions as wide as Greek islands in Aegean Sea, Athens and Thessalonica, Istanbul and Anatolia (İzmir, Fethiye, Antalya and Burdur). The instrument has been named with respect to its regions as the lyra, the kemenche or the Yörük Kemane. Moreover, it has been called under the name of the lijerica in Croatia, under the name of the gadulka in Bulgaria and under the name of the tırnak kemane in North Western Anatolia.These instruments gain performing qualities and social identities according to their regions and the types of music they performed. The object of this study is to analyze the aforementioned instruments within the different societies as well in different musical styles with their functions and identities in these styles. The musical genres, in which the instrument is used, are examined respectively as art music and folk music, which is the basic distinction in the history of societies, though conceptually highly controversial. These two genres are two main aspects of a whole and the fact that a nation had court music and folk music cultures in the course of history, led these cultures to perform the same musical understanding with different forms and instruments. In this context, while the rebec, the ancestor of the aforementioned instrument, was an instrument of church and art music or court music, the kemenche, played in kaba saz ensembles, the gadulka, the lyra, the tırnak kemane and the yörük kemanesi have all been folk music instruments. İstanbul kemenche is also played in Turkish makam music, popular music, orchestral music, moreover jazz music nowadays. In this paper, only the instruments, played in sides of Aegean Sea, will be examined in context of social identity theory.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Tarih süzgecinden geçerek kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılan kültürel öğelerden olan, müzik yapmak amacıyla kullanılan ve ses çıkaran nesneler şeklinde tarif edilebilen çalgılar, toplumların kültürel varlıklarını ayakta tutan temel direklerdendir. Bu temsili özellikleri onların farklı kültür ve coğrafyalarda, farklı işlevlerle çalınmasına sebep olmuştur. Çalındıkları toplumlara özgü özellikleri kendi kimliklerine yerleştirdikleri için; pek çok ülke, bölge ve yöreyle özdeşleşmiş ve bölgesel ve yöresel özellikleri üzerlerinde taşır hale gelmişlerdir. Bu özellikler bağlamında; tellere tırnak teması suretiyle çalınan ve armudî biçime sahip yaylı çalgı incelendiğinde; aynı çalgı tipinin farklı kimlik, işlev ve özelliklerle Ege’nin iki yakasında icra edildiği görülmektedir. Ege Denizindeki Yunanistan adalarından Atina ve Selanik’e, İstanbul’dan İzmir, Fethiye, Antalya ve Burdur’a kadar geniş bir coğrafyada çalınan çalgı; bölgesine göre kâh lyra, kâh kemençe, kâh Yörük kemanesi olur. Bölge genişletilecek olunursa, Ege Denizi’nin paralelinde Akdeniz’e kavuşan Adriyatik’e kıyısı olan Hırvatistan’ın Dubrovnik şehrinde lyrica olarak görülen çalgı, Bulgaristan’da gadulka, Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde ise tırnak kemane adını alır. Bu makalede köklü bir tarihe ve geniş bir coğrafi konuma sahip olan söz konusu çalgının, Ege’nin iki yakasında icra edilen versiyonları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir. Çalgılar iş gördükleri müzik türleri, tarihi ve coğrafi yakınlıkları ve ortak bir mirasa sahip olmalarının getirdiği sonuçlar bağlamında araştırılacak, ses renkleri, yapıları, icra tarzları ve aralarındaki etkileşimler irdelenecektir.
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SOUND OF THE BOW IN BOTH SIDES OF AEGEAN
Copyright © 2016-2017 by IBAD
ISSN: 2536-4642
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