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Çoklu Ovulasyonların Fizyolojik Mekanizmaları ve Sığırlarda İkiz Yavru Oranlarını Etkileyen Faktörler

Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Reproduction in bovine is affected by several different factors. These factors explain some of the variations observed in the reproductive efficiency of animals. Several comprehensive studies were conducted to assess the incidence of twinning at birth in various dairy and beef cattle breeds. In this manner, many environmental and genetic factors affecting reproductive system have been studied quite extensively. Even if the natural incidence of multiple births in cattle is very low, some variations on the twinning rate can be observed due to the influence of breed differences, the effects of feeding and management systems and also the effects of some environmental sources such as a parity, an age of cow, a season of the year and a geographic location of raised animals. Thus, the main purpose of this review is to emphasize and explain the physiological mechanisms regulating multiple ovulations in cattle and also some of the important factors affecting multiple births positively or negatively on the cow production system.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Büyük baş hayvanlarda üreme çok çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörler hayvanların üreme performansında gözlenen bazı varyasyonu açıklar niteliktedir. Doğumda ikizlik görülme sıklığını değerlendirmek için kapsamlı birçok çalışma, süt ve et ırkı büyükbaş hayvanlarda yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda, sığırlarda üreme sistemi üzerine etkili pek çok çevresel ve genetik faktörler oldukça geniş bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Sığırlarda çoklu doğumun görülme oranı çok düşük olsa bile, ırk farklılıkları, besleme ve yönetim sistemleri ve bunun yanında doğum sırası, ana yaşı, yılın mevsimi ve yetiştirilen hayvanın coğrafik konumu gibi değişik çevre faktörleri de ikiz doğum oranı üzerine etkili bazı varyasyonun görülmesine neden olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu derlemenin amacı sığırlarda çoklu ovulasyonu düzenleyen fizyolojik mekanizmayı ve aynı zamanda büyükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde çoklu doğumu olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkileyen bazı önemli faktörleri vurgulamak ve açıklamaktır.
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