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Dünya Çam Ormanlarını Tehdit Eden Yabancı İstilacı Tür; Fusarium circinatum

The Invasive Alien Species Threating The World Pine Forests; Fusarium circinatum

Journal Name:

  • Bilge International Journal of Science And Technology Research

Publication Year:

  • 2017

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Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Invasive alien species are species threatening biological diversity by occupying ecosystems outside of natural spreading areas. Among these invasive alien species that change the functions and natural components of ecosystems, especially the ones that are carried by seed and other plant material draw great attention. In pathogens, carried by seeds, have a crucial role in spreading the diseases both domestically and across country borders. Among the important pathogens carried by seeds are a large number of Fusarium species. Fusarium circinatum is one of the most dangerous pathogen of Pinus species, causing damping-off in nurseries and pitch canker in forests. This aggressive fungus may infect pine seeds and, therefore, can easily be spread long distances by the seed trade. It is a very significant threat to natural and planted pine forests, and to date it has invaded countries across five continents. At least 57 species of Pinus along with Pseudotsuga menziesii are susceptible to pitch canker to varying degrees. F. circinatum has recently been listed as a quarantine organism in numerous countries throughout the World. In Europe, it is currently included in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) A2 list of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. In addition, to Regulation on Plant Quarantine Annex-2A, it is a forest pathogen included in the quarantine list although it is not present in the country. The importance of this microorganism is increasing day by day due to the large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the World. For this reason, control measures against F. circinatum and all other invasive species should be taken and carried out without delay in the world. A thorough understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of the causal agent is an important prerequisite for managing this pathogen. In this study, an extensive search of literature dealing with F. circinatum was performed.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Yabancı istilacı türler, doğal yayılış alanlarının dışında bulunan ekosistemleri işgal ederek biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit eden türlerdir. Ekosistemlerin fonksiyonlarını ve doğal bileşenlerini değiştiren bu türlerden, özellikle tohum ve bitki materyali ile taşınanlar oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Tohum ile taşınan patojenler, hastalıkların ülke bazında ve ülkeler arası yayılışında önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu tehlikeli patojenler arasında çok sayıda Fusarium türü bulunmaktadır. Fusarium circinatum fidanlıklarda çökertene, ormanlarda ise çam çıralı kanseri hastalığına neden olan, çam türlerinin en tehlikeli patojenlerinden birisidir. Bu fungus çam tohumlarını enfekte ederek, tohum ticareti yoluyla kolaylıkla uzun mesafelere taşınabilmektedir. Doğal ve plantasyon çam ormanları için önemli bir tehdit oluşturan bu türün, bugüne kadar 5 farklı kıtada yayılış gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Pseudotsuga menziesii ile birlikte en az 57 Pinus cinsine ait türün çam çıralı kanserine karşı çeşitli derecelerde duyarlı olduğu bildirilmiştir. F. circinatum, dünya genelinde çok sayıda ülkede karantina organizması olarak listelenmiştir. Avrupa'da, karantina patojeni olarak önerilen zararlıların bulunduğu Avrupa ve Akdeniz Bitki Sağlığını Koruma Örgütü (EPPO) A2 listesinde yer almaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra Türkiye Bitki Karantina Yönetmeliği Ek-2A’ya göre, Türkiye’de varlığı bilinmeyen karantinaya tabi zararlı bir organizmadır. Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde bulunan çam ormanlarında neden olduğu büyük ölçekli kayıplardan dolayı bu mikroorganizmanın önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, F. circinatum ve diğer tüm yabancı istilacı türlere karşı kontrol önlemleri geç kalınmadan alınmalı ve tüm dünyada uygulanmalıdır. Patojenin epidemiyolojisini ve ekolojisini ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlamak patojenle mücadelede önemli bir önkoşuldur. Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı, bu çalışmada F. circinatum ile ilgili geniş kapsamlı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir.
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