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Avrupa Birliği'nin Beşinci Genişleme Süreci: Ekonomik ve Siyasi Boyutlar

European Union’s Fifth Enlargement Process: Economic and Political Dimensions

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Abstract (2. Language): 
This study, while focusing on the fifth enlargement, tries to analyze the economic and political factors that are considered important by the current and prospective members in the process. In the fifth enlargement, because they had just emerged from a very different system, the candidates from the Central and Eastern Europe were considered as inferior in a sense. The current members expected a deep transformation, in accordance with the framework of conditionality, from the candidates while they also tried to keep its supply side cost at a minimum. In the accession process, the prerequisite reforms for the candidates in order to facilitate their transition to a functioning market economy and democracy; the potential effects of the enlargement on the current and prospective members were evaluated in detail. In this context, a possibility of a tide of immigration to the current members, potential effects on the employment, the required period for economic convergence, competitiveness; domestic political structure of the candidates, democratization, rule of law, minorities, border conflicts, promotion of state capacity were among the important issues.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada, AB’nin beşinci genişleme sürecine odaklanılarak, mevcut üyelerin ve adayların müzakere sürecinde hangi ekonomik ve siyasi faktörlere önem verdikleri incelenmektedir. Beşinci genişlemede, Merkezi ve Doğu Avrupalı adaylar, ekonomik ve siyasi olarak oldukça farklı bir sistemden geldikleri için bir anlamda geri olarak tanımlandılar. Mevcut üyeler, adayların şarta bağlılık kuralları çerçevesinde, derin bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmesini beklediler; bu dönüşümün arz yönü maliyetini de minimum düzeyde tutmaya çalıştılar. Üyelik süreci içerisinde adayların işleyen bir piyasa ekonomisine ve demokrasiye geçmek için yapmaları gerekenler; genişlemenin mevcut üyeler ve adaylar için muhtemel ekonomik ve siyasi etkileri mümkün olduğunca detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, eski üyelere muhtemel göç dalgası, istihdam yapısına olası etkiler, ekonomik yakınsama süreleri, rekabetçilik; adaylardaki iç politik yapı, demokratikleşme, hukukun üstünlüğü, azınlıklar; sınır sorunları, devlet kapasitesinin arttırılması gibi konular değerlendirmelerde önemli başlıklar olarak yer almıştır.
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