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Holistik Eğitim

Holistic Education

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Education, like all the other fields in society, is influenced by social, technological, political happenings. The catastrophic environmental crisis and nuclear destructions in the 1960s and 1970s and the increasing corruptions, the breakdowns in family life, moving away from traditional, social and religious values worried people. Besides all these undesired changes, people began to lead a more routine life and devote their lives to values of materialist world. A group of sensitive educators reacted against people’s moving away from traditional values and losing their “spirit” and they insisted that education should nurture development of the whole person in terms of intellectual, emotional, physical, social, aesthetic and spiritual. In addition, they also believed that in educational process human values such as peace, honesty, equality, cooperation, love, and understanding should be taken into consideration. Emerging from such opinions, holistic education has gained importance among the educators in the world. This study is based on the historical roots, definitions, philosophies and principles of holistic education are explained.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Eğitim; toplumdaki diğer tüm alanlar gibi, sosyal, teknolojik, politik vb. olgulardan etkilenmektedir. İnsanoğlu, 1960’lı ve 1970’li yıllarda yıkıcı çevresel krizler ve nükleer felaketlerle, artan toplumsal yozlaşmalar, ailedeki çözülmeler, geleneksel, toplumsal ve ahlaki değerlerden uzaklaşmalara tanıklık etmiştir. Tüm bu olumsuz değişmelerle birlikte insanlar, yaşamlarını materyalist dünyanın değerlerine göre sürdürmeye başladılar. Buna karşın duyarlı bir grup eğitimci, insanların geleneksel değerlerden uzaklaşmalarına ve “maneviyat”larını kaybetmelerine karşı çıkarak, eğitimin bireyleri; bilişsel, duyuşsal, fiziksel, sosyal, estetik ve manevi açıdan bir bütün olarak yetiştirmesi gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. Ayrıca bu eğitimciler, eğitim sürecinin barış, dürüstlük, eşitlik, işbirliği, sevgi ve anlayış gibi değerleri dikkate alması gerektiğine inanmışlardır. Bu düşüncelerle ortaya çıkan holistik eğitim, tüm dünyada eğitimciler arasında önemli yer bulmuştur. Bu çalışma, holistik eğitimin tarihsel sürecini, tanımlarını, felsefelerini ve ilkelerini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.
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REFERENCES

References: 

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Miller, J. (2005). Holistic learning. Holistic learning and spirituality in education (Ed: Miller, P.; Karsten, S.; Denton, D.; Orr, D.; Kates, I.). New York: State University of New York Press.
Miller, R. (2000). Holistic Education: a brief introduction. Paths of learning. www.pathsoflearning.net/ articles_Holistic_Ed_Introduction.php (Cited on 17.12.2012).
Miller, R. (2004). Educational alternatives: a map of the territory. Paths of learning. http://www.pathsoflearning.net/articles_Educational_Alternatives.php (Cited on 17.12.2012).
Nakagawa, Y. (2000). Education for awakening: an eastern approach to holistic education. Brandon, VT: Foundation for Educational Renewal. (www.books.google.com).
Rudge, L. (2008). Holistic education: an analysis of its pedagogical application. Phd. Dissertation. Ohio: The Ohio State University.
Schreiner, P. (2005). Mechanistic versus holistic education. Holistic education resource book – learning and teaching in an ecumenical context. Münster: Waxmann Verlag. (www.books.google.com)
Steiner, R. (1996). The child’s changing consciousness as the basis of pedagogical practice. New York: Anthroposophic Press.
GATE (Global Alliance of Transforming Education) (1991). Education 2000: A Holistic Perspective., 240-241. http://www.ties-edu.org/GATE/Education2000.html (Cited on 09.07.2012)

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