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Postmodernizm ve Komplekslik: Örgüt Kuramı Bağlamında Paradigmatik Bir Tartışma

Postmodernism and Complexity: A Paradigmatic Debate in the Context of Organization Theory

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Abstract (2. Language): 
In recent years, postmodernism and complexity have been discussed intensively in the social sciences. Postmodernism, as a concept, has been widely discussed from the organization theory perspective. It’s expected that complexity theory will make important contributions to the organization research. In this study, postmodernism and complexity theory, which is implied to have strong connections with each other in the literature, are examined as well as being positioned at the Burrell and Morgan framework. Results of the study show that postmodernism and complexity theories are relatively different from each other. As postmodernism is generally positioned at the radical‐humanist section, complexity theory is mostly positioned at the functionalist section.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Sosyal bilimler alanında son yıllarda postmodernizm ve komplekslik kavramları yoğun olarak tartışılmaktadır. Postmodernizm örgüt kuramı açısından geniş olarak tartışılmış bir kavramdır. Komplekslik kuramından da örgüt araştırmalarına önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada literatürün bir bölümünde birbirleri ile ilişkili gibi görünen postmodernizm ve komplekslik kuramı incelenerek Burrell ve Morgan tarafından oluşturulan çerçevede konumlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak postmodernizmin ve komplekslik kuramının görece birbirlerinden farklı yaklaşımlar oldukları, postmodernizmin genel olarak radikal hümanist kısımda, komplekslik kuramının da ağırlıklı olarak işlevselci kısımda yer aldığı anlaşılmıştır.
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Davis, G. F. ve C. Marquis (2005), “Prospects for Organization Theory in the Early
Twenty‐first Century: Institutional Fields and Mechanisms”, Organization Science,
16, 4: 332‐343.
Deetz, S. (1996), “Describing Differences in Approach to Organization Science:
Rethinking Burrell and Morgan and Their Legacy”, Organization Science, 7:2, 191 –
207.
Donaldson, L. (1995), American Anti‐Management Theory of Organizations, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
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Erdemir, E. (2000), Postmodern Yaklaşımın Yönetim ve Örgüt Yapılarına Etkileri:
Modernden Postmoderne Dönüşüm Tartışmalarının Yönetim Teorisine Katkıları,
(Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), OGU Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
Erdemir, E. (2007), “Adayış mı Kaçış mı? Yönetsel Kontrol Karşısında Postmodern
Dönüşüm Söylemi", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 7, S. 1‐2, 67‐96.
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Gergen, K. (1992), “Organization Theory in the Postmodern Era”, (Der.) M. Reed
ve M. Hughes (2003), Rethinking Organization, London: Sage Publications: 207‐
226.
Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (1998), Modernliğin Sonuçları, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Gioia, D.A. ve E. Pitre (1990), “Multiparadigm Perspectives on Theory Building”,
Academy of Management Review, 15:4, 584 – 602.
Gleick, J. (2000), Kaos: Yeni Bir Bilim Teorisi, (Çev: F. Üçcan), Dokuzuncu Basım,
Ankara: TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Kitapları.
Gulati, R. ve M. Gargiulo (1999), “Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come
From?”, American Journal of Sociology, 104, 1439 – 1493.
Hassard, J. (1993), Sociology and Organization Theory: Positivism, Paradigms and
Postmodernity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kauffman, S. A. (1991), “Antichaos and Adaptation: Biological Evolution May Have
Been Shaped by More Than Just Natural Selection”, Scientific American, 265:2, 78
– 84.
Kauffman, S. A. (1995), At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self –
Organization and Complexity, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kilduff, M. ve A. Mehra (1997), “Postmodernism and Organizational Research”,
Academy of Management Review, 22(2), 453‐481.
Koç, U. (2004), “Komplekslik Yaklaşımı ve Bilgi Yönetimi”, 3. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi
ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Yayınları:
419 – 432.
Koç, U. ve E. Erdemir (2005), “Postmodernizm ve Komplekslik: Örgüt Kuramında
Güncel Tartışmalar”, 4. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı:
789‐806.
Kuhn, L. ve R. Woog (2005), “Vortical Postmodern Ethnography: Introducing a
Complexity Approach to Systemic Social Theorizing”, Systems Research and Behavioral
Science, 22 , 139 – 150.
Kuhn, T. S. (1995), Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı (Çev: N. Kuyaş), Dördüncü Basım,
İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
Letiche, H. (2001), “Phenomenal Complexity Theory and Politics of Organization”,
Emergence, 3:4, 5 – 31.
Lewin, A. Y. ve H. W. Volberda (2003), “The Future of Organization Studies: Beyond
the Selection – Adaptation Debate”, (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003),
The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press
Inc.: 568‐595.
Lyotard, J. F. (1994), The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
Maguire, S., B. McKelvey, L. Mirabeau ve N. Öztaş (2006), “Complexity Science and
Organization Studies”, The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies, (2006), Sage
Publications Ltd.: 165 – 214.
Marshall, G. (1999), Sosyoloji Sözlüğü, (Çev.: O. Akınhay ve D. Kömürcü) Ankara:
Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
Mathew, K. M., M. C. White ve R. Long (1999), “Why Studying the Complexity
Sciences in the Social Sciences?”, Human Relations, 52:4, 439 – 462.
McAuley, J., Duberley, B. ve Johnson, P. (2007), Organization Theory: Challenges
and Perspectives, Harlow: Prentice Hall.
McKelvey, B. (1997), “Quasi – Natural Organization Science”, Organization Science,
8: 4, 352 – 380.
McKelvey, B. (2002), “Model – Centered Organization Science Epistemology”,
(Der.) J. A. C. Baum (2002), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc.: 752 – 780.
Morçöl, G. (2001), “What is Complexity Science? Postmodernist or Postpositivist?”,
Emergence, 3:1, 104 – 119.
Olson, N., S. J. Perkins, S. Mantere, B. Üsdiken ve M. Wexler (2004), “Special Book
Review”, Organization Studies, 25:4, 669 – 680.
Parker, M. (1992), “Post‐Modern Organizations or Postmodern Organization Theory?”,
Organization Science, 13:1, 001‐017.
Parwani, R. R. (2002), “Complexity: An Introduction”,
http://www.complexity.org.au/ci/draft/draft/parwan01/parwan01s.ps.
Pfeffer, J. (1982), Organizations and Organization Theory, Boston: Pitman.
Pfeffer, J. (1993), “Barriers to The Advancement of Organizational Science: Paradigm
Development as A Dependent Variable”, Academy of Management Review,
18:4, 599 – 620.
Pfeffer, J. (1995), “Morality, Reproducibility, and The Persistence Style of Theory”,
Organization Science, 6 (6), 682 – 686.
Pinder, C. ve V. Bourgeois (1982), “Borrowing and Effectiveness of Administrative
Science”, Working Paper No. 848, University of British Columbia.
Power, M. (1990), “Modernism, Postmodernism and Organization”, (Der.) J. Hassard
ve D. Pym (1990), The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations, London: Routledge:
109‐124.
Prigogine, I. (1981), From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical
Sciences, New York: W H Freeman & Co.
Prigogine, I. ve I. Stengers (1984), Order out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with
Nature, New York: Bantam Books.
Prigogine, I., G. Nicholis ve A. Babloyantz (1972), “Thermodynamics of Evolution:
Part I”, Physics Today, 25, 23 ‐28 (a).
Prigogine, I., G. Nicholis ve A. Babloyantz (1972), “Thermodynamics of Evolution:
Part II”, Physics Today, 25, 38 ‐ 44 (b).
Reed, M. (2006), “Organizational Theorizing: A Historically Contested Terrain”,
The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies, (2006), Sage Publications Ltd.: 19‐54.
Schultz, M. ve J. M. Hatch (1996), “Living with Multiple Paradigms: The Case of
Paradigm Interplay in Organizational Culture Studies”, Academy of Management
Review, 21 (2), 529‐557.
Scott, W. R. (1981), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Birinci
basım, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall.
Scott, W. R. (1998), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Dördüncü
basım, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall.
Scott, W. R. (2003), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Beşinci
basım, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education.
Singh, H. ve A. Singh (2002), “Principles of Complexity and Chaos Theory in Project
Execution: A New Approach to Management”, Cost Engineering, 44:12: 23‐33.
Swedberg, R. (2003), “Economic versus Sociological Approaches to Organization
Theory”, (Der.) H. Tsoukasve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization
Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 373‐391.
Tsoukas, H. (2003), “New Times, Fresh Challenges: Reflections on the Past and the
Future of Organization Theory” (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford
Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.:
607 – 622.
Tsoukas, H. ve M. J. Hatch (2001), “Complex Thinking, Complex Practice: The Case
for a Narrative Approach to Organizational Complexity”, Human Relations, 54:8,
979 – 1013.
Tsoukas. H. ve C. Knudsen (2003), “Introduction: the Need for Meta – Theoretical
Reflection in Organization Theory”, (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003), The
Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.:
1 – 36.
Üsdiken, B. (2002), “Tarihsel Bir Bakışla Bilim – Yönetim Birlikteliği”, Yönetim
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2:2, 127 – 154.
Üsdiken, B. ve H. Leblebici (2001), “Organization Theory”, (Der.) N. Anderson, D.
Ones, H. K. Sinangil and C. Viswesvaran (2001), International Handbook of Work
and Organizational Psychology, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2. cilt: 377 – 397.
Van Maanen, J. V., (1995), “Style as Theory”, Organization Science, 6:1, 133 – 143.
Waldrop, M. M. (1992), Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order
and Chaos, New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.
Willmott, H. (1990), “Beyond Paradigmatic Closure in Organizational Enquiry”,
(Der.) J. Hassardve Denis Pym, The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations: Critical
Issues and New Perspectives: 44 ‐60.
Willmott, H. (1993), “Breaking the Paradigm Mentality”, Organization Studies,
14:5, 681 – 719.
Yıldırım, E. (2002), “‘Cogito Ergo Sum’dan ‘Vivo Ergo Sum’a Örgütsel Analiz”, Yönetim
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2:2,155 – 185.
Yıldırım, E. (2007), “Örgüt Kuramında Yeni Gelişmeler: Postmodern ve Eleştirel
Bakış”. S. Sargut ve Ş. Özen (Der.), Örgüt Kuramları İmge Yayıncılık: Ankara: 379‐
406.Adler, P. ve B. Borys (1993), “Materialism and Idealism in Organizational Research”,
Organization Studies, 14:5, 657‐659.
Alvesson, M. ve S.Deetz (2006), “Critical theory and postmodernism approaches
to organizational studies”. S. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. B. Lawrence ve W. R. Nord (Der.),
The sage handbook of organization studies: 255‐283. 2. Basım, London: Sage.
Anderson, P. (1999), “Perspective: Complexity Theory and Organization Science”,
Organization Science, 10:3, 216 – 232.
Astley, W. G. ve A. H. Van de Ven (1983), “Central Perspectives and Debates in
Organization Theory”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 28:2 , 245 – 273.
Audi, R. (1995), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Axelrod, R., W. Mitchell, R. Thomas, D.S Bennet ve E. Brudder (1995), “Coalition
Formation in Standard – Setting Alliances”, Management Science, 41, 1493 –
1508.
Bak, P. (1996), How Nature Works: The Science of Self‐Organized Criticality, New
York: Copernicus Books.
Bak, P., C. Tang ve K. Wiesenfeld (1988), “Self – Organized Criticality”, Physical
Review A, 38:1, 364 – 374.
Battram, A. (1999), Karmaşıklıkta Yol Almak, (Çev: Z. Dicleli), İstanbul: Türk Henkel
Dergisi Yayınları.
Baum, J. A. C. ve B. S. Silverman (1999), “Complexity in the Dynamics of Organizational
Founding and Failure”, (Der.) M. Lissack and H. Gunz (1999), Managing
Complexity in Organizations: View from Many Directions, New York: Quorum
Press: 292‐ 312.
Baum, J. A. C. ve T. J. Rowley (2002), “Companion to Organizations: An Introduction”,
(Der.) J. A. C. Baum (2002), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc.: 1‐ 34.
Berger, P. L. ve T. Luckmann (1967), The Social Construction of Reality, New York:
Doubleday.
Burgelman, R. A. (1994), “Fading Memories: A Process Theory of Strategic Business
Exist in Dynamic Environments”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 24 –
56.
Burrell, G. ve G. Morgan (1998), Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis,
Onuncu basım, Hants: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Calas, M. B. ve L. Smircich (1997), “Introduction”, (Der.) M. B. Calas ve L. Smircich
(1997), Postmodern Management Theory, Aldershot: Ashgate & Dartmouth Publishers
Inc.: xi‐xxix.
Capra, F. (1982), The Turning Point: Science, Society and The Rising Culture, New
York: Simon & Schuster Inc.
Carley, K. M. (2002), “Intraorganizational Organizational Complexity”, (Der.) J. A.
C. Baum (2002), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers Inc.: 208 – 232.
Castels, M. 2005. Enformasyon çağı: Ekonomi, toplum ve kültür, Birinci Cilt: Ağ
toplumunun yükselişi. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Casti, J. L. (1994), Complexification: Explaining a Paradoxical World Through the
Science of Surprise, HarperPerennial.
Cevizcioğlu, A. (1999), Paradigma Felsefe Sözlüğü, Üçüncü basım: İstanbul: Pradigma
Yayınları.
Chia, R. (2003), “Organization Theory as a Postmodern Science”, (Der.) H. Tsoukasve
C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New
York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 113‐140.
Cilliers, P. (1998), Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems,
New York: Routledge.
Clegg, S. (2003), “Managing Organization Futures in a Changing World”, (Der.) H.
Tsoukasve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New
York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 536 – 567.
Clegg, S. R., C. Hardy ve W. R. Nord (Der.) (1996), Handbook of Organizational
Studies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cooper, R. ve G. Burrell, (1988), “Modernism, Postmodernism and Organizational
Analysis”, Organization Studies, 9:1, 91‐112.
Davis, G. F. ve C. Marquis (2005), “Prospects for Organization Theory in the Early
Twenty‐first Century: Institutional Fields and Mechanisms”, Organization Science,
16, 4: 332‐343.
Deetz, S. (1996), “Describing Differences in Approach to Organization Science:
Rethinking Burrell and Morgan and Their Legacy”, Organization Science, 7:2, 191 –
207.
Donaldson, L. (1995), American Anti‐Management Theory of Organizations, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Eisenhardt, K. M. ve M. M. Bhatia, (2002)., “Organizational Complexity and Computation”,
(Der.) J. A. C. Baum, The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc.: 442 – 466.
Erdemir, E. (2000), Postmodern Yaklaşımın Yönetim ve Örgüt Yapılarına Etkileri:
Modernden Postmoderne Dönüşüm Tartışmalarının Yönetim Teorisine Katkıları,
(Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), OGU Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
Erdemir, E. (2007), “Adayış mı Kaçış mı? Yönetsel Kontrol Karşısında Postmodern
Dönüşüm Söylemi", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 7, S. 1‐2, 67‐96.
Friere, P. (1972), Pedagogy of Oppressed, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Gergen, K. (1992), “Organization Theory in the Postmodern Era”, (Der.) M. Reed
ve M. Hughes (2003), Rethinking Organization, London: Sage Publications: 207‐
226.
Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (1998), Modernliğin Sonuçları, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Gioia, D.A. ve E. Pitre (1990), “Multiparadigm Perspectives on Theory Building”,
Academy of Management Review, 15:4, 584 – 602.
Gleick, J. (2000), Kaos: Yeni Bir Bilim Teorisi, (Çev: F. Üçcan), Dokuzuncu Basım,
Ankara: TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Kitapları.
Gulati, R. ve M. Gargiulo (1999), “Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come
From?”, American Journal of Sociology, 104, 1439 – 1493.
Hassard, J. (1993), Sociology and Organization Theory: Positivism, Paradigms and
Postmodernity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kauffman, S. A. (1991), “Antichaos and Adaptation: Biological Evolution May Have
Been Shaped by More Than Just Natural Selection”, Scientific American, 265:2, 78
– 84.
Kauffman, S. A. (1995), At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self –
Organization and Complexity, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kilduff, M. ve A. Mehra (1997), “Postmodernism and Organizational Research”,
Academy of Management Review, 22(2), 453‐481.
Koç, U. (2004), “Komplekslik Yaklaşımı ve Bilgi Yönetimi”, 3. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi
ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Yayınları:
419 – 432.
Koç, U. ve E. Erdemir (2005), “Postmodernizm ve Komplekslik: Örgüt Kuramında
Güncel Tartışmalar”, 4. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı:
789‐806.
Kuhn, L. ve R. Woog (2005), “Vortical Postmodern Ethnography: Introducing a
Complexity Approach to Systemic Social Theorizing”, Systems Research and Behavioral
Science, 22 , 139 – 150.
Kuhn, T. S. (1995), Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı (Çev: N. Kuyaş), Dördüncü Basım,
İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
Letiche, H. (2001), “Phenomenal Complexity Theory and Politics of Organization”,
Emergence, 3:4, 5 – 31.
Lewin, A. Y. ve H. W. Volberda (2003), “The Future of Organization Studies: Beyond
the Selection – Adaptation Debate”, (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003),
The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press
Inc.: 568‐595.
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Manchester University Press.
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Power, M. (1990), “Modernism, Postmodernism and Organization”, (Der.) J. Hassard
ve D. Pym (1990), The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations, London: Routledge:
109‐124.
Prigogine, I. (1981), From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical
Sciences, New York: W H Freeman & Co.
Prigogine, I. ve I. Stengers (1984), Order out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with
Nature, New York: Bantam Books.
Prigogine, I., G. Nicholis ve A. Babloyantz (1972), “Thermodynamics of Evolution:
Part I”, Physics Today, 25, 23 ‐28 (a).
Prigogine, I., G. Nicholis ve A. Babloyantz (1972), “Thermodynamics of Evolution:
Part II”, Physics Today, 25, 38 ‐ 44 (b).
Reed, M. (2006), “Organizational Theorizing: A Historically Contested Terrain”,
The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies, (2006), Sage Publications Ltd.: 19‐54.
Schultz, M. ve J. M. Hatch (1996), “Living with Multiple Paradigms: The Case of
Paradigm Interplay in Organizational Culture Studies”, Academy of Management
Review, 21 (2), 529‐557.
Scott, W. R. (1981), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Birinci
basım, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall.
Scott, W. R. (1998), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Dördüncü
basım, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall.
Scott, W. R. (2003), Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Beşinci
basım, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education.
Singh, H. ve A. Singh (2002), “Principles of Complexity and Chaos Theory in Project
Execution: A New Approach to Management”, Cost Engineering, 44:12: 23‐33.
Swedberg, R. (2003), “Economic versus Sociological Approaches to Organization
Theory”, (Der.) H. Tsoukasve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization
Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 373‐391.
Tsoukas, H. (2003), “New Times, Fresh Challenges: Reflections on the Past and the
Future of Organization Theory” (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford
Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.:
607 – 622.
Tsoukas, H. ve M. J. Hatch (2001), “Complex Thinking, Complex Practice: The Case
for a Narrative Approach to Organizational Complexity”, Human Relations, 54:8,
979 – 1013.
Tsoukas. H. ve C. Knudsen (2003), “Introduction: the Need for Meta – Theoretical
Reflection in Organization Theory”, (Der.) H. Tsoukas ve C. Knudsen (2003), The
Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.:
1 – 36.
Üsdiken, B. (2002), “Tarihsel Bir Bakışla Bilim – Yönetim Birlikteliği”, Yönetim
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2:2, 127 – 154.
Üsdiken, B. ve H. Leblebici (2001), “Organization Theory”, (Der.) N. Anderson, D.
Ones, H. K. Sinangil and C. Viswesvaran (2001), International Handbook of Work
and Organizational Psychology, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2. cilt: 377 – 397.
Van Maanen, J. V., (1995), “Style as Theory”, Organization Science, 6:1, 133 – 143.
Waldrop, M. M. (1992), Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order
and Chaos, New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.
Willmott, H. (1990), “Beyond Paradigmatic Closure in Organizational Enquiry”,
(Der.) J. Hassardve Denis Pym, The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations: Critical
Issues and New Perspectives: 44 ‐60.
Willmott, H. (1993), “Breaking the Paradigm Mentality”, Organization Studies,
14:5, 681 – 719.
Yıldırım, E. (2002), “‘Cogito Ergo Sum’dan ‘Vivo Ergo Sum’a Örgütsel Analiz”, Yönetim
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2:2,155 – 185.
Yıldırım, E. (2007), “Örgüt Kuramında Yeni Gelişmeler: Postmodern ve Eleştirel
Bakış”. S. Sargut ve Ş. Özen (Der.), Örgüt Kuramları İmge Yayıncılık: Ankara: 379‐
406.Adler, P. ve B. Borys (1993), “Materialism and Idealism in Organizational Research”,
Organization Studies, 14:5, 657‐659.
Alvesson, M. ve S.Deetz (2006), “Critical theory and postmodernism approaches
to organizational studies”. S. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. B. Lawrence ve W. R. Nord (Der.),
The sage handbook of organization studies: 255‐283. 2. Basım, London: Sage.
Anderson, P. (1999), “Perspective: Complexity Theory and Organization Science”,
Organization Science, 10:3, 216 – 232.
Astley, W. G. ve A. H. Van de Ven (1983), “Central Perspectives and Debates in
Organization Theory”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 28:2 , 245 – 273.
Audi, R. (1995), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Axelrod, R., W. Mitchell, R. Thomas, D.S Bennet ve E. Brudder (1995), “Coalition
Formation in Standard – Setting Alliances”, Management Science, 41, 1493 –
1508.
Bak, P. (1996), How Nature Works: The Science of Self‐Organized Criticality, New
York: Copernicus Books.
Bak, P., C. Tang ve K. Wiesenfeld (1988), “Self – Organized Criticality”, Physical
Review A, 38:1, 364 – 374.
Battram, A. (1999), Karmaşıklıkta Yol Almak, (Çev: Z. Dicleli), İstanbul: Türk Henkel
Dergisi Yayınları.
Baum, J. A. C. ve B. S. Silverman (1999), “Complexity in the Dynamics of Organizational
Founding and Failure”, (Der.) M. Lissack and H. Gunz (1999), Managing
Complexity in Organizations: View from Many Directions, New York: Quorum
Press: 292‐ 312.
Baum, J. A. C. ve T. J. Rowley (2002), “Companion to Organizations: An Introduction”,
(Der.) J. A. C. Baum (2002), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc.: 1‐ 34.
Berger, P. L. ve T. Luckmann (1967), The Social Construction of Reality, New York:
Doubleday.
Burgelman, R. A. (1994), “Fading Memories: A Process Theory of Strategic Business
Exist in Dynamic Environments”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 24 –
56.
Burrell, G. ve G. Morgan (1998), Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis,
Onuncu basım, Hants: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Calas, M. B. ve L. Smircich (1997), “Introduction”, (Der.) M. B. Calas ve L. Smircich
(1997), Postmodern Management Theory, Aldershot: Ashgate & Dartmouth Publishers
Inc.: xi‐xxix.
Capra, F. (1982), The Turning Point: Science, Society and The Rising Culture, New
York: Simon & Schuster Inc.
Carley, K. M. (2002), “Intraorganizational Organizational Complexity”, (Der.) J. A.
C. Baum (2002), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers Inc.: 208 – 232.
Castels, M. 2005. Enformasyon çağı: Ekonomi, toplum ve kültür, Birinci Cilt: Ağ
toplumunun yükselişi. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Casti, J. L. (1994), Complexification: Explaining a Paradoxical World Through the
Science of Surprise, HarperPerennial.
Cevizcioğlu, A. (1999), Paradigma Felsefe Sözlüğü, Üçüncü basım: İstanbul: Pradigma
Yayınları.
Chia, R. (2003), “Organization Theory as a Postmodern Science”, (Der.) H. Tsoukasve
C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New
York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 113‐140.
Cilliers, P. (1998), Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems,
New York: Routledge.
Clegg, S. (2003), “Managing Organization Futures in a Changing World”, (Der.) H.
Tsoukasve C. Knudsen (2003), The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, New
York: Oxford University Press Inc.: 536 – 567.
Clegg, S. R., C. Hardy ve W. R. Nord (Der.) (1996), Handbook of Organizational
Studies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cooper, R. ve G. Burrell, (1988), “Modernism, Postmodernism and Organizational
Analysis”, Organization Studies, 9:1, 91‐112.
Davis, G. F. ve C. Marquis (2005), “Prospects for Organization Theory in the Early
Twenty‐first Century: Institutional Fields and Mechanisms”, Organization Science,
16, 4: 332‐343.
Deetz, S. (1996), “Describing Differences in Approach to Organization Science:
Rethinking Burrell and Morgan and Their Legacy”, Organization Science, 7:2, 191 –
207.
Donaldson, L. (1995), American Anti‐Management Theory of Organizations, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Eisenhardt, K. M. ve M. M. Bhatia, (2002)., “Organizational Complexity and Computation”,
(Der.) J. A. C. Baum, The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers Inc.: 442 – 466.
Erdemir, E. (2000), Postmodern Yaklaşımın Yönetim ve Örgüt Yapılarına Etkileri:
Modernden Postmoderne Dönüşüm Tartışmalarının Yönetim Teorisine Katkıları,
(Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), OGU Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
Erdemir, E. (2007), “Adayış mı Kaçış mı? Yönetsel Kontrol Karşısında Postmodern
Dönüşüm Söylemi", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 7, S. 1‐2, 67‐96.
Friere, P. (1972), Pedagogy of Oppressed, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Gergen, K. (1992), “Organization Theory in the Postmodern Era”, (Der.) M. Reed
ve M. Hughes (2003), Rethinking Organization, London: Sage Publications: 207‐
226.
Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (1998), Modernliğin Sonuçları, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Gioia, D.A. ve E. Pitre (1990), “Multiparadigm Perspectives on Theory Building”,
Academy of Management Review, 15:4, 584 – 602.
Gleick, J. (2000), Kaos: Yeni Bir Bilim Teorisi, (Çev: F. Üçcan), Dokuzuncu Basım,
Ankara: TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Kitapları.
Gulati, R. ve M. Gargiulo (1999), “Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come
From?”, American Journal of Sociology, 104, 1439 – 1493.
Hassard, J. (1993), Sociology and Organization Theory: Positivism, Paradigms and
Postmodernity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kauffman, S. A. (1991), “Antichaos and Adaptation: Biological Evolution May Have
Been Shaped by More Than Just Natural Selection”, Scientific American, 265:2, 78
– 84.
Kauffman, S. A. (1995), At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self –
Organization and Complexity, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kilduff, M. ve A. Mehra (1997), “Postmodernism and Organizational Research”,
Academy of Management Review, 22(2), 453‐481.
Koç, U. (2004), “Komplekslik Yaklaşımı ve Bilgi Yönetimi”, 3. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi
ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Yayınları:
419 – 432.
Koç, U. ve E. Erdemir (2005), “Postmodernizm ve Komplekslik: Örgüt Kuramında
Güncel Tartışmalar”, 4. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı:
789‐806.
Kuhn, L. ve R. Woog (2005), “Vortical Postmodern Ethnography: Introducing a
Complexity Approach to Systemic Social Theorizing”, Systems Research and Behavioral
Science, 22 , 139 – 150.
Kuhn, T. S. (1995), Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı (Çev: N. Kuyaş), Dördüncü Basım,
İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
Letiche, H. (2001), “Phenomenal Complexity Theory and Politics of Organization”,
Emergence, 3:4, 5 – 31.
Lewin, A. Y. ve H. W. Volberda (2003), “The Future of Organization Studies: Beyond
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