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TEK SİLİNDİRLİ BİR DİZEL MOTORUNUN DİNAMİK VE TİTREŞİM ANALİZLERİ

DYNAMIC AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE

Journal Name:

  • Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
In this study, by preparing a dynamic model for the system consisting of piston, piston rod, crankshaft and block of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine, the speed fluctuations of the crankshaft and translational vibrations of the engine block were examined. The dynamic model has four degrees of freedom as; the angular motion of the crankshaft, the angular motion of the engine block around the crankshaft center, and the translational vibrations of the engine block in the vertical and horizontal directions. In the analysis, the pressure profiles obtained from a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine at four different engine loads were used. The oscillation of crankshaft angular velocity was found to be increasing with the engine load. The angular vibrations of the engine block around the crankshaft center was found to be arising from the gas forces, the translational vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions were found to be arising from the inertia of piston and unbalance of crankshaft. It was found that the counterweight used for minimizing the vertical vibration generates a horizontal vibration besides reducing vertical vibration. Therefore, reduction of its amplitude into the half was found to be more appropriate, instead of reducing to zero. From the mount force datum, which is dependent on frequency, the optimum spring and damping constants of the mounts were found as 100 kN/m and 1000 Ns/m, respectively.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu araştırmada tek silindirli dört zamanlı bir dizel motorunun piston, biyel, krank ve bloğunun dinamik modeli oluşturularak krank milinin çevrimlik açısal hız değişimleri ve bloğun titreşimleri incelenmiştir. Oluşturulan dinamik model dört serbestlik dereceli olup sırasıyla krank milinin açısal hareketini, bloğun krank mili ekseni etrafındaki açısal hareketini, bloğun düşey ve yatay doğrultulardaki doğrusal hareketlerini kapsamaktadır. Analizde dört farklı motor yükü için deneysel olarak elde edilen gaz basınç profilleri kullanılmıştır. Krank milinin açısal hızındaki değişimlerin motor yüküyle arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Motor bloğunun krank mili ekseni etrafındaki açısal titreşimlerinin gaz kuvvetlerinden, düşey ve yatay doğrultulardaki doğrusal titreşimlerinin ise piston kütlesi ve krank milinin balansızlığından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Pistonun kütle ataletinden kaynaklanan düşey titreşimin azaltılması için kullanılan balans ağırlıklarının, yatay eksendeki titreşimi arttırdığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu sebeple düşey eksendeki titreşim genliğinin sıfırlanması yerine genliği yarıya indirecek balans ağırlıklarının kullanılmasının gerekli olduğu görülmüştür. Frekansa bağlı olarak elde edilen takoz kuvveti değerlerinden; takozların yay ve sönümleme sabitlerinin optimum değerleri sırasıyla 100 kN/m ve 1000 Ns/m olarak belirlenmiştir.
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