Hegel'in "Alman İdealizminin En Eski Dizge Programı" ve Romantik Yazın Kuramı

Hegel's "First Systematic Program of German Idealism" (1796 or 1797), which is the subject of this study, is important regarding both the historical and spiritual evolution and the development of the Romantic movement. The mentioned script is the result of a vivid interaction between Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Hölderlin, Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich Schelling. For this reason it is still under discussion who might be the actual author. Although Hegel, Hölderlin as well as Schelling claimed the authorship of the script and published it in their complete works, there is a consensus that Hegel is the actual author. According to this "Systematic Program," the highest idea is the idea of aesthetic beauty. The idea of the aesthetic can unite all mankind. Therefore the philosopher ought to be aesthetically sensitive on the level of the artist, since the philosophy of the spirit is an aesthetic philosophy. Literature, which is a universal form of art, has a higher standing than the other arts and includes them. In order to connect philosophy with the people and to vouchsafe the interest of the people in philosophy, religion and mythology have to be criticized and rationalized. While mythology ought to be philosophized, philosophy ought to become mythical. The enlightened parts of society ought to stop looking down upon the people, while the people have to stop fearing from authorities. Thus the ideal of the Enlightment concerning the general equality of mankind can become reality.