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Bodies that [don't] Matter: Feminist Cyberpunk and Transgressions of Bodily Boundaries

Bodies that [don't] Matter: Feminist Cyberpunk and Transgressions of Bodily Boundaries

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Science Fiction, through its flexible nature provides a most suitable medium for writers to speculate on social, political, linguistic and cultural issues and to invent new worlds, new universes from where they can examine the present day concerns and experiment with new alternatives. Although Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein or Modern Prometheus has been claimed by many as the first science fiction novel, until the 1970s science fiction had been a predominantly male authored genre. In the 1970s, however, feminist science fiction emerged as a separate and highly influential genre. Cyberpunk literature, a sub-genre of science fiction, is a phenomenon of the 1980s and it addresses the dissolution of the subject through the figure of the cyborg, a human-machine coupling alongside the electronically constituted and disembodied reality of cyberspace. The author whose work is analyzed in this paper, namely, Pat Cadigan and her 1991 novel Synners, questions whether the bodily transgressions of the cyborg and the bodiless space of virtual reality present women with an emancipatory space where the traditional gender dichotomies are nonexistent, as it was suggested by the cyberfeminists of the early 1990s. The answer Cadigan offers is that although through these new factual and fictional technologies sexual identity can be altered, rendered multiple and fluid, the society remains to be hierarchical and bifurcated. As Cadigan's novel shows, in spite of its revolutionary promise as a gender free space, cyberculture, in its actual manifestations and literary representations, duplicates the power dynamics of sexist and racist practices perpetuating inequality.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bilim-kurgu, esnek doğası gereği yazarların sosyal, politik ve kültürel konuları sorgulamalarına ve yarattıkları farklı dünyalar ve evrenler aracılığıyla güncel sorunları irdelemelerine ve alternatifler ortaya koymalarına olanak sağlayan bir yazın türüdür. Mary Shelley'nin 1818 yılında kaleme aldığı Frankenstein ya da Modern Prometheus adlı eseri bir çok eleştirmen tarafından ilk bilim-kurgu romanı olarak kabul edilse de, bilim-kurgu edebiyatı 1970'lere kadar erkek egemen bir tür olmuştur. Ancak 1970'lerden itibaren feminist bilim-kurgu başlıbaşına bir yazın türü olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilim-kurgu edebiyatının bir alt kategorisi olan siberpunk yazını ise, 1980'lerde ortaya çıkmış bir türdür ve temel olarak insan makine eşleşmesinden doğan siborg figürü ile bedenin varolmadığı sanal âlem olguları nezdinde öznenin çözülmesi konusunu ele alır. Bu makalede eseri incelenen Pat Cadigan, 1991 yılında kaleme aldığı Synners adlı romanında, 1990'lı yılların başlarında siberfeministlerin iddia ettiği üzere siborg figürü ve bedensiz sanal gerçeklik ortamının kadınlar için geleneksel cinsiyet farklılıklarının varolmadığı özgür bir ortam yaratıp yaratmadığını sorgulamaktadır. Cadigan'a göre, bu hem gerçekte varolan hem de kurgulanmış yeni teknolojiler, sabit cinsiyet kategorilerinin ötesine geçişi mümkün kılmakla beraber, toplumda varolan hiyerarşik yapı ve ikiliğe dayalı cinsiyet kategorileri hâlâ etkilerini korumaktadırlar. Hatta, Cadigan'ın eserinde de görüldüğü üzere, sanal kültür vadettiği gibi cinsiyetsiz bir alan olmaktan çok uzaktır ve gerçek ve kurgusal tezahürlerinden de anlaşılacağı gibi günümüzde varolan cinsiyet ve ırk ayrımcılığını sürdürmekte ve böylelikle eşitsizliği devam ettirmektedir.
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