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Re-constructing the Western Self in the Ottoman Mirror: A Study of ‘Negative Auto-Occidentalism’ in the Contexts of American-Ottoman and Anglo-Ottoman Encounters

Batılı Benliğin Osmanlı Aynasında Yeniden Yapılandırılması: Amerikan-Osmanlı ve İngiliz-Osmanlı Karşılaşmaları Bağlamında ‘Olumsuz Oto-Oksidentalizm’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Journal Name:

  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Son dönemde özellikle Batı’da beşeri ve sosyal bilimler alanlarında Oryantalizm ve Oksidentalizm konularına ilişkin araştırmalarda öne çıkan gelişmeler ve eğilimler ışığında, bu makalede ilk önce Edward Said sonrası dönemde meydana gelen paradigma değişimleri kısaca anlatılmakta ve bu alanların çalışma konularını oluşturan meselelerin daha etkili ve daha doğru bir şekilde ele alınabilmesini sağlayacak yeni terim ve kavramlara duyulan ihtiyacın aciliyeti vurgulanmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci kısmında, Said sonrası dönemde Oryantalizm ve Oksidentalizm incelemeleri için önerilen yeni terimler ve kavramlar tanıtılmaktadır. Makalenin üçüncü kısmı Lindstrom (1995) tarafından adlandırılan “Oto-Oksidentalizm” terimini ele almakta ve bu terimi burada yeni önerilen Olumlu Oto-Oksidentalizm ve Olumsuz Oto-Oksidentalizm terimlerine doğru genişletmektedir. Dördüncü bölüm Olumsuz Oto-Oksidentalizm kavramının neden edebiyatta emperyalizm karşıtlığı incelemeleri ile ilişkilendirilmesi gerektiğini kısaca anlatmakta ve bunun nasıl uygulanabileceğini belirli emperyalizm karşıtı edebiyat metinlerine atıfta bulunarak örneklendirmektedir. Beşinci ve son bölüm ise, öncelikle Batı’nın farklı Doğulu toplumlar ile ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu gibi Doğu ile Batı arasında yer alan bir toplum ile karşılaşmalarından ortaya çıkacak Olumsuz Oto-Oksidentalist söylemlerin birbirlerinden farklı olacağını ifade etmektedir. Daha sonra da, Olumlu Oto-Oksidentalizm ve yine bu makalede önerilen “Nesnel Doğu” kavramı gibi kavramlarla olan ilişkileri de göz önünde bulundurularak, Olumsuz Oto-Oksidentalizm teriminin Amerikan-Osmanlı ve İngiliz-Osmanlı karşılaşmaları bağlamında edebiyat metinlerine nasıl uygulanabileceği, James Ellswort De Kay’in Sketches of Turkey in 1831 and 1832, by An American (1833) ve Frederick Burnaby’nin On Horseback through Asia Minor (1877) başlıklı seyahatnamelerinin analizleri ile gösterilmektedir
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Abstract (Original Language): 
With reference to the recent developments and trends in, mostly western, humanities and social science research on the subjects of Orientalism and Occidentalism, this article first provides an overview on the paradigm shifts taking place in the post-Saidian era and argues for the urgency of the need for new terms and concepts which can more efficiently and accurately address the issues in these fields. In the second section, a new post-Saidian set of terms and concepts are proposed for studies of Orientalism and Occidentalism. While the third section of the article elaborates on the term “Auto-Occidentalism,” which was first coined by Lindstrom (1995), and expands this term into the newly-introduced terms Affirmative Auto-Occidentalism and Negative Auto-Occidentalism, the fourth section consists of a brief discussion on why Negative Auto-Occidentalism can and should be related to studies of anti-imperialism in literature and an illustration of the argument with reference to selected examples of anti-imperialist texts. The fifth and the last section argues for the possible variations of Negative Auto-Occidentalist discourses as induced by the West’s encounters with different Eastern entities, and those with other entities that are situated in the middle of the West and the East, such as the Ottoman Empire. To illustrate how the new terminology of Negative Auto-Occidentalism, in relation to Affirmative Auto-Occidentalism and with other concepts such as “the Objective Orient,” may be put into use in the contexts of American-Ottoman and Anglo-Ottoman encounters, the article offers textual analyses of James Ellswort De Kay’s Sketches of Turkey in 1831 and 1832, by An American (1833) and Frederick Burnaby’s On Horseback through Asia Minor (1877).
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