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Sign Languages and Aspects of Turkish Sign Language (TİD)

Işaret Dilleri: Türk İşaret Dilinin Dilbilgisel Özellikleri

Journal Name:

  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
İşitme engelli bireyler tarafından iletişim amacıyla kullanılan işaret dilleri özellikle toplumun işiten çoğunluğu tarafından sıklıkla merak edilen bir konu olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, işaret dillerinin dilbilimsel olarak incelenmesi nispeten yeni bir çalışma alanıdır ve işaret dilleri zaman zaman yanlış kanılara ve bazı önyargılara maruz kalmıştır. Türkiye’deki durum dikkate alındığında ise toplumun işitme engelli nüfusunun kullandığı dile ilişkin henüz yeterli sayıda dilbilimsel çalışmanın olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı TİD’in dilbilgisel betimlemesine katkıda bulunmak ve işaret dillerine ilişkin genel bir takım yanlış görüşlere açıklık getirmektir. Söz konusu çalışmanın veri tabanı TİD’deki farklı tümce türlerini (bildirim, soru, olumsuz ve emir cümleleri) betimlemeye yönelik olarak planlanmışsa da, elde edilmiş veriler TİD’in çeşitli dilbilgisel özelliklerine ilişkin önemli bulgular ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın veri tabanını oluşturmak amacıyla TİD’i anadili olarak kullanan dört işitme engelli katılımcı ve katılımcılarla iletişimi sağlamaları ve verilerin çevriyazımına katkıda bulunmaları amacıyla TİD ve Türkçede yetkin olan üç çevirmen seçilmiştir. Katılımcılara bir dizi resim sunulmuş ve kendilerinden resimlerde gördükleri kişiler, yerler, durumlar ve olaylara ilişkin üretebildikleri kadar soru ve sözce üretmeleri istenmiştir. Katılımcılar, sözce ve soruları ürettikleri sırada iki video kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Kameralardan biri TİD’deki el işaretlerine eşlik eden kaş, göz işaretleri ve yüz mimikleri gibi el-dışı göstergeleri yakından görebilmek amacıyla katılımcıların sadece yüzlerini kaydetmiştir. Daha sonra video kamera ile kaydedilmiş verilerin Türkçe çevriyazımı gerçekleştirilmiş ve böylece veri değerlendirilebilir hale gelmiştir. Bulgular, TİD’in bazı dilbilgisel özelliklerinin yanısıra genel olarak işaret dillerine ilişkin sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Having noted that sign languages have often been misconceived and regarded as underrated and impoverished means of communication and that there is still a gap in the linguistic literature on Turkish Sign Language (TİD)***, this study is intended as a contribution to the description of TİD grammar accounting certain aspects of it. Moreover, it aims at providing some background information on sign languages in general with reference to certain misconceptions they have been exposed to. It is expected to provide a basis for further, rather more complete research on TİD grammar. The data and part of the content of the study presented here is based on a PhD study conducted on TİD sentence types (Açan, 2007). Although that study was designed for the elicitation of declarative, interrogative, negative, and imperative TİD sentences, its data has also brought in some general findings concerning various other aspects of TİD grammar. The data have been gathered getting in face-to-face interactions with the informants in their daily environments. Four informants, who are native speakers of TİD, and three interpreters who are competent both in Turkish and in TİD were selected after interviews with some signers. The informants have been presented a set of pictures specifically designed for the elicitation of declarative, negative interrogative and imperative TİD sentences and they have been asked to produce as many statements and questions as possible concerning the people, the situations and places (context), and the events taking place in the pictures. The informants were videorecorded at the time they performed TİD utterances. For the elicitation of the non-manual activity of the face, two video cameras were deemed to be necessary, one for the recording of the whole bodies of the signers and the other for the recording of their faces only. During the recording process, one of the interpreters was translating the TİD utterances of native signers into Turkish and the Turkish instructions of the investigator into TİD. The interpreters were given information about the purpose of the study previously. They were asked to observe the interviews carefully and participate where necessary. After the recording procedure, TİD utterances gathered were transformed into Turkish glosses and then transcribed for linguistic analysis and evaluation by the help of other interpreters. The findings are expected to contribute to the description of certain aspects of TİD grammar as well as providing information on certain aspects of sign languages in general.
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