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Meleksi Şeytanlar ve Şeytansı Melekler: Ortaçağ İngilizce Metrik Romanslarında Kötü Kadın Tasvirleri

Angelic Demons and Demonic Angels: Representations of Female Villains in Middle English Metrical Romances

Journal Name:

  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2014

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Most medieval English verse romances provide readers with many examples of stereotypical and individualized representations of female villains. These characters, their motivations and their activities demonstrate to the romance audience how to recognize and survive potential villainy. Despite their fictionalit , romances are full of realistic details, especially in their representation of human relationships. Accordingly, this article on female villainy in medieval English metrical romances is concerned with questions such as, in the Middle Ages, what made a female a villain, how a female villain related to her victim, what were the reasons for and results of her villainy, and how society responded to female villainy. For reference and study, various anonymous and miscellaneous romances have been taken into account, and it is hoped that the article will encourage further research. Among the main points focused on in the article are representations of domestic villains such as mother-in-law, stepmother, mother, daughter, and other villains from outside the victims' immediate family. In view of the textual sources, villains are grouped as pure villains who are inherently evil, justified villains who have a stated reason to be evil, and good villains who are unintended villains. Grouping villains according to gender and place in society (domestic/stranger) in addition to pure, justified and good villainy, reveals anxieties that relate to different categories of villainy. At the end of each grouping, the fates of villains (divine punishment, physical and psychological punishment, no punishment, possibility of redemption) are studied in terms of poetic and divine justice. Moreover, encounters with the angelic demons and the demonic angels are discussed as didactic experiences.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Orta İngilizce metrik romansları okuyucularına pek çok basmakalıp ve bireysel kötü kadın tasviri sunmaktadır. Bu karakterler, onları harekete geçiren nedenler ve eylemleri romansın hedef kitlesine olası kötülükler karşısında yaşamlarını nasıl sürdürebileceklerini örneklemektedir. Kurgu olmalarına rağmen, romanslar özellikle insan ilişkilerinin sunumunda gerçekçi tasvirlerle doludur. Bu bağlamda, Orta İngilizce metrik romanslarındaki kadınların kötülüklerini konu alan bu makale Ortaçağ'da bir kadını neyin kötü yaptığı, kötü kadının kurbanı ile ilişkisinin nasıl olduğu, kötülüğünün nedenleri ve sonuçlarının neler olduğu ve toplumun kadının kötülüğüne nasıl tepki gösterdiği ile ilgili sorularla ilgilidir. Örnekleme ve çalışma için yazarı bilinmeyen muhtelif romanslar dikkate alınmakta ve bu makalenin ileriki araştırmaları teşvik etmesi beklenmektedir. Makalenin odaklandığı ana konular arasında, kayınvalide, üvey anne, anne, kız gibi aile içindeki kötüler ve kurbanın yakın çevresinden olmayan diğer kötüler bulunmaktadır. Kaynak metinler ışığında, kötüler doğası gereği kötü olan saf kötüler, kötülük yapmak için nedeni olan gerekçeli kötüler ve kasıtsız olarak kötülük yapan iyi kötüler olarak gruplandırılmaktadır. Kötü karakterlerin saf, gerekçeli ve iyi kötü olmaları yanında toplumsal rolleri ve toplumdaki yerlerine (aile içi/aile dışı) göre sınıflandırılma arı kötülüğün farklı alanlarıyla ilgili kaygıları ortaya koymaktadır. Her bir sınıflandırmanın sonunda kötü karakterlerin akıbetleri (ilahi adalet, bedensel ve ruhsal cezalandırma, cezasız kalma, günahtan arınma olasılığı) şiirsel ve ilahi adalet açısından incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, meleksi şeytanlar ve şeytansı melekler ile karşılaşmalar öğretici tecrübeler olarak tartışılmaktadır.
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