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İnfeksiyon Hastalıklarının Tanısında Kullanılan DNA Probları ve Nükleik Asid Çoğaltma (Amplifikasyon) Yöntemleri

DNA probes and nucleic acid amplification techniques to diagnose infectious diseases

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Abstract (2. Language): 
At present, DNA probes and nucleic acid amplification techniques are most useful for the characterization of microorganisms for which culture and serological methods are difficult, extremely expensive, or unavailable. DNA-probe based assays are particularly well suited for in situ hibridization in tissue in which the localization and distribition of the microorganisms must be ascertained. Nucleic acid amplification procedures are complex methods that determine whether DNA or RNA from a particular organism is present in the clinical specimen. Because of this complexity, it is useful to assign such methods to one of three general categories; 1) target amplification systems such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), self-sustaining sequence amplification (3SR), or strand displacement amplification (SDA); 2) probe amplification systems, which include Qb replicase or ligase chain reaction (LCR); and 3) signal amplification, in which the signal generated from each probe molecule is increased by using compound probes or branched-probe technology (bDNA). Recent advances in molecular technology may revolutionize the clinical microbiology laboratory. These new techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and some of the recent applications have been discussed in this review. [Journal of Turgut Özal Medical Center 1997;4(3):329-344
Abstract (Original Language): 
Günümüzde, DNA probları ve nükleik asit amplifikasyon (NAÇ) yöntemleri, özellikle kültür ve serolojik testleri zor, pahalı veya bulunmayan mikroorganizmaların özelliklerini tanımlamada çok yararlıdır. Bu testlerden DNA prob temelli olanlar, özellikle dokuda mikroorganizmanın lokalizasyon ve dağılımını tespit etmek için uygundur. NAÇ yöntemleri ise klinik örnekte, belirli bir mikroorganizmanın DNA veya RNA 'sının bulunup bulunmadığını tesbit için kullanılır. NAÇ yöntemleri oldukça komplekstir. Bu komplekslikten dolayı, bu yöntemler 3 grupta incelenir; 1) hedef amplifikasyon yöntemleri: polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR), kendinden devamlı sekans amplifikasyon (3SR) veya iplikçik uzaklaştırarak amplifikasyon (SDA); 2) prob amplifikasyon yöntemleri: Qb replikaz ve ligaz zincir reaksiyonu (LCR); 3) bileşik prob veya dallanmış prob (bDNA) yöntemleri. Moleküler yöntemlerdeki bu ilerlemeler, klinik mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında devrim niteliğindedir. Bu derlemede; yeni yöntemler ile bunların avantaj, dezavantaj ve uygulama alanları tartışılmıştır. [Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 1997;4(3):329-344]
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