Buradasınız

Anasayfa » Content

DENEYSEL OLARAK DERİ YOLUYLA PENTAKLOROFENOL (PCP) UYGULANAN RATLARIN, DOKU VE İDRARLARINDA, KALINTI DÜZEYLERİNİN GAZ KROMATOGRAFİ YÖNTEMİYLE ARAŞTIRILMASI

Investigation of Residue Levels in Urine and Tissues of Rats That Treated Pentachlorophenol (PCP) as Experimental by Dermal with Gas Chromatograhy

Journal Name:

  • İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 1998

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a general biocide used worldwide in a variety of industrial areas. It has bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal and molluscicidal properties. Nowadays PCP and its salt are mainly applied in wood, followed by textile and leather preservation. Because of its numerous and different applications PCP has become widely distrubuted in ecosystem. Its acute and chronic toxicity is due to interference with oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage. In this study, the absorbtion risk of PCP by dermal administration was investigated. The pomades which prepared at the levels 1, 3, 5, 50, 100 and 200 ppm NaPCP/axonge was treated to the W star Alb no rats as a s ngle dose by dermal adm n strat on dur ng one week. The urinary excreation of PCP was detected at the 50 ppm and upper doses. At 24-36 hr, the excreation is increased the highest levels. At the 7 th of treatment, the experimental animals were autopsied and than liver, kidneys, muscle and brain tissues were analyzed. PCP residues, there were in the muscle, liver and kidneys for 5, 50 and 200 ppm or upper application doses respectively. In this study also, wearing leather samples containing 12 ppm PCP was kept in contact to the back of the rat skin which was prepared by removal of fur for a period of one week. In the urinary of rats, it is detected 96±18 ng/ml PCP at the 36-48 hr. Tissues were analyzed at the 7 th day. The residue, therewas only themuscletissueas 50±15 ng/g. PCP has led to a substantial environment contamination is estabilished that can be absorbed in the body by dermal from leather. Because of the potential toxic effects on the puplic health, its applications should be prohibited.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Pentaklorofenol (PCP) endüstriyel bir çok alanda yaygın kullanımı olan genel biyosit ajandır. Bakterisid, fungisid, insektisid, herbisid ve molluskisid etkilere sahiptir. PCP ve tuzları günümüzde, başlıca ağaç koruyucu ve daha az oranlarda deri ve tekstil koruyucu olarak uygulanmaktadır. PCP farklı amaçlarla çok çeşitli uygulama alanlarına sahip olması nedeniyle, ekosistemde geniş bir dağılım göstermektedir. Akut ve kronik zehirlenmelere yol açmaktadır. Toksik etkileri; oksidatif fosforilasyonu engelleyerek ve DNA hasarına sebep olarak oluşturduğu ileri sürülmektedir. PCP'nin bütün yollardan vücuda kolayca alınabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; PCP'nin, vücuda deri yoluyla alınması ve idrarla atılımı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Wistar Albino ırkı ratlara 1, 3, 5, 50, 100 ve 200 ppm (NaPCP/axonge) derişimlerinde hazırlanmış pomatlar dermal olarak bir hafta süre ile uygulandı. PCP'nin idrarla atılımları 50 ppm ve üzerinde doz uygulamalarında elde edildi. Atılımın, 24-36 saatler arasında toplanan idrarlarda en yüksek düzeylerde olduğu saptandı. Uygulamanın 7. gününde deney hayvanları otopsiye alınarak, doku ve organlarında kalıntı düzeyleri araştırıldı. Kas dokuda; 5 ppm < PCP, karaciğerde, 50 ppm < PCP ve böbreklerde 200 ppm doz uygulamalarında kalıntı saptandı. Beyinde kalıntıya rastlanmadı. Çalışmada ayrıca, 12 ppm PCP içeren 3x6 cm boyutlarında işlenmiş giysilik deri örneği ratların tıraşlanarak tüylerinden arındırılmış arka sırt deri bölgesine bir hafta süre ile direkt olarak temas ettirildi. Bu hayvanların 36-48 saatler arasında toplanan idrarlarında 96±18 ng/ml PCP kalıntısı bulundu. Uygulamanın 7. gününde doku ve organlardaki kalıntı araştırmasında sadece, kas dokuda 50±15 ng/g PCPsaptandı. Çevresel bir kirletici olan PCP'nin, düşük düzeylerde kirlilik içeren işlenmiş giysilik derilerden cilde temas yoluyla vücuda alınabileceği görülmektedir. Toplum sağlığı üzerine istenmeyen etkilerinden dolayı PCP kullanımı, özellikle deri sanyiinde yasal denetime alınmalıdır.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-deneysel-olarak-deri-yoluyla-pentaklorofenol-pcp-uygulanan-ratlarin-doku-idrarlarinda-kalinti-duzeylerinin-gaz-kromatografi-yontemiyle-arastirilmasi.pdf
  • 2-3
118-125
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Beynon
KI
, Crosby DG, Korte F, Sti ll GG, Vonk JW, Greve PA (1981): Envi ronmental chem istry of pentachlorophenol. Pure Appl ied Chem istry, 53: 1051-1080.
2. Booth
NH
, McDonald LE: Veteri nary pharmacology and therapeutics.6 th ed, Iowa State Un iversity Press/Ames, (1988).
3. Cli ne RE, H ill RH, Ph illi ps DL, Needham LL (1989): Pentachlorophenol measurements i n body flu ids of peaple in log homes and workplaces. Arch. Envi ron. Contam. Tox icol., 18: 475-481.
4. Gi lbert FI, M i nn CE, Duncan RC, Wi lkinson J: Effects of pentachlorophenol and other chem i cal preservat ives on the health of wood-treati ng workers in Hawa i i . Arch Envi ron Contam Tox icol, 19: 603-609, (1990).
5. Lewis RG, Fortmann RC: Evaluation of methods for mon itori ng the potential exposure of small ch i ldren to pesticides i n the residential envi ronment. Env iron Contam Toxi col, 26: 37-46, (1994).
6. Reynolds EF: Martindale the extra pharmacopoeia, th irtieth ed, The pharmaceut ical press, London, pp:1400, (1993).
7. Wi ld SR, Jones KC (1992): Pentachlorophenol in the UK envi ronment. II. Human exposure and an assesment of pathways. Chemosphere,24(7): 847-855.
8. Williams PL (1982): Pentachlorophenol, an assesment of the occupational hazard. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 43: 799-810.
9. Seiler JP (1991): Pentachlorophenol. Mutation Research, 257: 27-47.
10. Borsetti AP: Determination of pentachlorophenol in milk and blood of Dairy Cattle. J Agric Food Chem, 28: 710-714, (1980).
11. Frank R, Braun HE, Sirons GH, Ward GG: Organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides and industrial pollutants in the milk supplies of Ontario-1983. J Food Protect, 48(6): 499-504, (1985).
12. Muino MAF, Lozano JS: Mass spectrometric determination of pentachlorophenol in honey. Analytica Chimica Acta, 247:121-123, (1991).
13. Wegman RC, Hofstel AWM: Chlorophenols in surface waters of the Netherlands (1976-1977). Water Research, 13: 651-657, (1979).
14. Braun WH, Young JD, Blau GE, Gehring PJ: The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pentachlorophenol in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 41:395-406, (1977).
15. Reigner BG, Rigod JF, Tozer TN: Disposition, bioavailability and serum protein binding of pentachlorophenol in the B6C3F1 mouse. Pharm Res, 9(8): 1053-1057, (1992).
16. Hughes BJ, Forsel JH, Sleight SD, Kuo C, Shul LR (1985): Assesment of pentachlorophenol toxicity in newborn calves. Clinicopathology and tissue residues. J. Animal Science, 61 (6): 1587-1603.
17. Butler KM, Frank R: Pentachlorophenol residues in porcine tissue following preslaughter exposure to treated wood shavings. J Food Protect, 54(6): 448-450(1991).
18. Rauhamaa HM, Pyysalo H, Antervo K: The presence of chlorophenols and their conjugates in Finnish human adipose and liver tissues. The Sciences of the Total Environment, 83: 161-172, (1989).
19. Villene F, Montoya G, Klaasen R, Fleckenstein R, Suwalsky M (1992): Morphological changes on nerves and histopathological effects on liver andkidneyofrats by pentachlorophenol (PCP). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 101C (2): 353-363.
20. Stedman TM, Booth NH, Bush PB, Page RK, Goetsch DD (1980): Toxicity and bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 59: 1018-1026.
21. Ohe T: Pentachlorophenol residues in human adipose tissue. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 22: 287- 292, (1979).
22. Renner G, Mücke W: Transformation of pentachlorophenol. Toxicol Environ Chem, 11: 9-29, (1986).
23. Witte I, Juhl U, Butte W: DNA-damaging properties and cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts of tetrachlorohydroquinone, a pentachlorophenol metabolite. Mutation Res, 145:71-75, (1985.
24. Carstens CP, Blum JK, Witte I: Theroleof hydroxylradicalsin tetrachlorohydroquinone induced DNA strand break formation in PM2 DNA and human fibroblests. Chem Biol Interections, 74: 305-314, (1990).
25. Frestone D, Clower M, Borsetti AP, Teske RH, Long PE: Polichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and pentachlorophenol residues in milk and blood of cow fed technical pentachlorophenol. J Agric Food Chem, 27(6): 1171-1177, (1979).
26. Uhl S, Schmid P, Schlatter C: Pharmacokinetics of pentachlorophenol in man. Arch Toxicol, 58: 182-186, (1986).
27. Besten C, Bennik MMH, Iersel M, Peters MAW, Teunis C, Bladeren PJ: Comparison of the urinary metabolite profiles of hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene in the rat. Chemico-Biological Interections, 90: 121¬137, (1994).
28. Jorens PG, Scehepens PJ (1994): Human pentachlorophenol poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 12 (6): 479-496.
29. Armstrong RW, Eichner ER, Klein DE, Barthel WF, Bennett JV, Jonsson J, Bruce H, Lovoless LE (1969): Pentachlorophenol poisoning in a nursey for newborn infants. II. Epidomiolologic and toxicologic studies. The Journal of Pediatrics, 75 (2): 317-325.
30. Kutz FW, Cook BT, Carter-Pokras OD, Brody D, Murphy RS (1992):
Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 5(2,3):1998
124
Arslan et al
30. Kutz FW, Cook BT, Carter-Pokras OD, Brody D, Murphy RS (1992): Selected pesticide residues and metabolites in urine from a survey of the US general population. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 37 (2): 277-291.
31. Chapman JB, Robson P: Pentachlorophenol poisoning from bathwater.
Lancet, 1266-1267, (1965).
32. Gray RE, Gilliland RD, Smith EE, Lockard VG, Hume AS: Pentachlorophenol intoxication: Report of a fatal case, with comments on the clinical course and pathologic anatomy. Arch Environ Healt, 40(3): 161-164, (1985).
33. Igisu H: Haemolysis of human erythrocytes by pentachlorophenol and its suppression albumin. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50: 378-379, (1993).
34. Kinzell, JH, Ames NK, Sleight SD, Krehbiel JD, Kuo C, Zabık MJ, Shull LR: Subchronic administration of technical pentachlorophenol to lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Science, 64: 42-51, (1981).
35. Lamberd J, Schepens P, Janssens F, Dockx P (1986): Skin lesionsasa sign of subacute pentachlorophenol intoxication. Acta. Derm. Venereol.,
66: 170-172.
36. McConnell EE, Moore JA, Gupta BN, Rakes AH, Luster MI, Goldstein JA, Haseman JK, Parker LC: The chronic toxicity of technical and analytical pentachlorophenol in cattle. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 52 : 468-490, (1980).
37. Parker CE, Jones WA, Matthews HB, McConnel EE, Hass JR (1980): The chronic toxicity of technical and analytical pentachlorophenol in cattle. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 55:359-369.
38. Robson AM, Kissane JM, Elvick NH, Pundavela L: Pentachlorophenol poisoning in a nursey for newborn infants. I. Clinical features and treatment. The Journal of Pediatrics, 75(2): 309-316, (1969).
39. Waidyanatha S, McDonald TA, Lin PH, Rappaport SM: Measurement of hemoglabin and albumin adducts of tetrachlorobenzoquinone. Chem Res Toxicol, 7: 463-468, (1994).
40. Gallagher RP, Threlfall WJ: Cancer and occupational exposure to chlorophenols. Lancet, 86: 81-82, (1984).
Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 5(2,3):1998
41. Rugman FP, Cosstict R: Aplastic anemia associated with organochlorine pesticide: Case reports and review of evidence. J Clin Pathol, 43(2): 98¬101, (1990).
42. Mirvish SS, Nickols J, Weisenburger DD, Jhonson D, Joshi SS, Kaplan P, Gross M, Tong HY: Effects of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, pentachlorophenol, methylprednisolone, and Freund's adjuvant on 2-hydroxyethylnitrosourea carcinogenesis in MRC-WISTAR rats. J Toxicol Environ Healt, 32: 59-74, (1991).
43. Reigner BG, Bois FY, Tozer TN: Pentachlorophenol carcinogenicity: Extrapolationofriskfrom mice to humans. Hum Exp Toxicol, 12: 215-225, (1993).
44. Kerkvliet N, Brauner JA, Matlock JP: Humorol immunotoxicity of polichlorinated diphenyl ethers, phenoxyphenols, dioxins and furans present as contaminants of technical grade pentachlorophenol. Toxicology, 36: 307-324, (1985).
45. Gillard D, Epstein RL, Ashworth RB, Curry K, Nathan Q: Validation study of gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in animal liver. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 71(5): 926-929, (1988).
46. Norcross MA, Brown JL: Food safety and inspection service initatives for tissue residue reduction in meat and poultry. JAVMA, 198(5): 819-824, (1991).
47. Hinkle DK (1973): Fetotoxic effect of pentachlorophenol in the Golden Syrian Hamster. Toxicol Appl. Pharm., 25: 455.
48. Schwetz BA, Keeler, PA, Gehring, PJ: The effect of purified and commercial grade pentachlorophenol on rat embryonal and fetal development. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 28: 151-161, (1974).
49. Atuma SS, Okor DI: Gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in human blood and urine. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 35: 406-410, (1985).
50. Gomez-Catalan J, To-Figueras J, Planas J, Rodamilans M, Corbella J: Pentachlorophenol and urine of the population of Barcelona. Human Toxicol, 6: 397-400.
51. Triebig G, Csuzda I, Krekeler HJ, Schaller KH (!987): Pentachlorophenol and the peripheral nervous system: a longitudinal study in exposed workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 44: 638-641.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com