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Quines empreses han aguantat millor la crisi, les empreses familiars o les no familiars?

Which companies have better weathered the crisis, family firms or non family firms?

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.544
Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: In this study we have analyzed the evolution of the economic and financial structure of family and non-family Catalan firms in a context of a deep economic crisis. The aim of this study is to answer two main questions: identify which characteristics differentiate family firms from non-family firms, and test if these characteristics have allowed them to better weather the economics crisis. Design/methodology: We have analyzed 750 large and medium-sized enterprises from Catalonia (550 family firms and 200 non-family firms) during the period 2008- 2012. The data have been taken from the SABI dataset. A one-to-one checking has been taken to classify the firms as family or non-family firms to avoid common classification mistakes. Subsequently, we have classified the firms according to the dimension to provide more robust results. To avoid a sectorial effect on the results, all categories considered are homogeneous in terms of sector. Findings: The results have supported our hypothesis about the family firm’s financing and lead us to conclude that family firms have a different financial structure from non family firms. Specifically, family firms have a higher level of self-financing due to their reduced distribution of dividends. Moreover, family firms show better levels of coverage and liquidity because of its higher capitalization and lower debt in comparison to family firms. These economic and financial characteristics have helped family firms to better weather the crisis, with a lower proportion of loss-making enterprises. Research limitations/implications: In this study we have considered as a family firms those enterprises in which at least one member of the owner family participates in the management. However, some studies affirm that not all the family firms have the same characteristics and suggest that other factors have to be considered in the classification. For this reason, other characteristics should be considered in future developments of this study, for example, the presence or absence of a family member as a CEO, or the age of the company. Furthermore, in this study we have only included large and medium-sized enterprises, so would be interesting analyze whether the results are consistent for a small-firms sample. Originality/value: Some studies have analyzed which characteristics differentiate family firms from non family firms, while other studies have analyzed the effects of the economic crisis on businesses. However, this study combines both approaches and analyzes if these characteristic features have allowed family firms to be better prepared to overcome the economic crisis, a so far understudied issue in the literature.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Objecte: En aquest estudi es porta a terme un anàlisi comparatiu sobre l’evolució de l’estructura econòmica i financera que presenten les empreses familiars i no familiars de Catalunya en un context d’intensa crisi econòmica. La seva finalitat és poder donar resposta a dos qüestions principals: identificar les característiques diferencials de l’EF respecte a l’EnF i comprovar si aquestes característiques diferencials han permès a les EF aguantar millor la crisi econòmica. Disseny/metodologia: S’ha analitzat una mostra de 750 grans i mitjanes empreses de Catalunya (550 familiars i 200 no familiars) durant el període 2008-2012. Les dades s’han obtingut a través de la base de dades SABI, i per a la classificació de les empreses en familiars i no familiars s’ha dut a terme una comprovació individual de cadascuna d’elles per evitar habituals errors de classificació. Posteriorment les empreses s’han classificat en funció de la seva dimensió per dotar d’una major robustesa els resultats. També s’ha procurat que la distribució d’empreses per sectors fos similar en les diferents categories per evitar que un efecte sectorial pogués tergiversar els resultats de l’estudi. Aportacions i resultats: L’estudi ha permès constatar les hipòtesis establertes sobre el finançament de les empreses familiars i concloure que aquestes presenten una estructura financera diferent a les Empreses no familiars. Les empreses familiars als seus balanços, presenten un major nivell d’autofinançament gràcies a la seva menor distribució de dividends. A més a més, les EF presenten millors resultats en quant a nivells de cobertura i liquiditat, ja que es troben més capitalitzades i presenten uns nivells d’endeutament inferior que les Empreses no familiars. Aquestes característiques patrimonials i financeres han contribuït a que les empreses familiars aguantin millor els anys de crisi, produint-se durant aquests anys, una menor proporció d’empreses familiars que han presentat pèrdues. Limitacions: En aquest estudi s’han classificat com empreses familiars aquelles on a més a més de la propietat, algun membre de la familiar també participava de la gestió de la mateixa. No obstant, estudis previs defensen que no totes les empreses familiars comparteixen les mateixes característiques, i que per tant, altres factors s’haurien de tenir en compte. Per això, en futurs desenvolupaments del treball es podrien considerar altres característiques per subclassificar la mostra, com per exemple, la participació d’un membre de la família com a CEO o l’edat de l’empresa. Per altra banda, en aquest estudi únicament s’han analitzat grans i mitjanes empreses, serà interessant veure si existeix una coincidència de resultats en les petites empreses. Valor afegit: Diversos treballs han analitzat les característiques diferencials de les empreses familiars, mentre que altres treballs han analitzat els efectes de la crisi en el teixit empresarial. No obstant, aquest treball conjuga els dos enfocaments, i analitza si aquests trets característics de l’empresa familiar han permès que estiguessin millor preparades que les empreses no familiars a l’hora d’afrontar l’actual crisi econòmica, un aspecte poc abordat fins ara en la literatura recent.
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