Buradasınız

ESTIMATION OF GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
In addition to the challenge of setting a more pragmatic limit for GIs, the development of extremely sensitive and robust analytical methods that can adequately monitor GIs at very low levels is very difficult. Also, the pharmaceutical industry has no long-term experience in the use of these methodologies within the factory setting. Thus, analysts make attempts to determine a way for analyzing various GIs by using unique robust methods as far as possible. In this way, simple HPLC/UV or GC/FID methods are usually performed at the first stage, while more complicated LC/MS or LC/MS/MS methods are used as alternatives studied the formation of sulfonate esters as a mechanistic view, and showed that when a slight excess of base is present, there is no discernible reaction rate to form the sulfonate ester and no mechanistic pathway to their formation. From this point of view, the formation of GIs and suspicious substances in the API syntheses can be easily avoided, and therefore this is the preferred option (Robinson, 2010).Finally, it can be mentioned that in such a situation, in silico approaches can prove to be more effective solution in terms of time and cost for screening genotoxic compounds. As subjected by Luis and Valerio (2009), high-quality experimental data must be used. In addition, for non-genotoxic carcinogens, QSAR studies can provide a better understanding about the mechanism of carcinogenesis of these compounds. The in silico methods used in agencies have not been specified yet; however, by overcoming the limits these can become an innate part of regulatory systems.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
306-324

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Agarwal, S. K., Bhatnagar, U. & Rajesh, N. (2004). Acute and genotoxic profile of a dimeric
2. Impurity of cefotaxime. International Journal of Toxicology, Vol.23, pp. 41-45.
3. Bai, L., Sun, M., an, J., Liu, D. Q., Chen, T. K. & Kord, A. S. (2010). Enhancing the detection sensitivity of trace analysis of pharmaceutical genotoxic impurities by chemical
4. derivatization and coordination ion spray-mass spectrometry. Journal ofChromatography A, Vol. 1217, pp. 302¬306.
5. Bempong, D. K., Honigberg, I. L. & Meltzero, N. M. (1993). Separation of 13-cis and all-transretinoic acid and their photodegradation products using capillary zoneelectrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEC). Journal ofPharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 829-833.
6. Bercu, J. P., Morton, S. M., Deahl, J. T., Gombar, V. K., Callis, C. M. & Van Lier, R. B. L. (2010). In silico approaches to predicting cancer potency for risk assessment ofgenotoxic impurities in drug substances.
Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology,Vol. 57, pp. 300-306.
7. Carlin, A., Gregory, N. & Simmons, J. (1998). Stability of isoniazid in isoniazid syrup: formation of hydrazine. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol. 17, pp 885-890.
8. Cimarosti, Z., Bravo, F., Stonestreet, P., Tinazzi, F., Vecchi, O. & Camurri, G. (2010).Application of quality by design principles to support development of a controlstrategy for the control of genotoxic impurities in the manufacturing process of adrug substance. Organic Process Research and Development, Vol. 14, pp. 993-998.
9. David, F., Jacq, K., Sandra, P., Baker, A. & Klee, M. S. (2010). Analysis of potential genotoxicimpurities in pharmaceuticals by two-dimensional gas chromatography with Deans switching and independent column temperature control using a lowthermal-mass oven module. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 396, pp.1291¬1300.
10. Dearfield, K. L., Cimino, M. C., McCarroll, N. E., Mauer, I. & Valcovic, L. R. (2002).
Genotoxicity risk assessment: a proposed
Available Online At www.ijprbs.com
Review Article
Katterapu Srinivasareddy, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(3): 306-324
classification strategy. Mutation Research -Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol. 521, pp. 121-135.
11. Eichenbaum, G., Johnson, M., Kirkland, D., O'Neill, P., Stellar, S., Bielawne, J., DeWire, R. & Areia, D. (2009). Assessment of the genotoxic and carcinogenic risks of pnitrophenol When it is present as an impurity in a drug product. RegulatoryToxicology and Pharmacology,
Vol. 55, pp. 33-42.
12. Flora, S. D., Zanacchi, P., Camoirano, A.,
Bennicelli, C. & Badolati, G. S. (1984).
Genotoxic Activity and potency of 135 compounds in the Ames reversion test and in abacterial DNA-repair test. Mutation Research, Vol. 133, pp. 161-198.
13. Garg, A., Solas, D. W., Takahashi L. H. & Cassella, J. V. (2010). Forced degradation of
14. Fentanyl: Identification and analysis of impurities and degradants. Journal ofPharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,
Vol. 53, pp. 325-334.
ISSN: 2277-8713 IJPRBS
15. Hajikarimian, Y., Yeo, S., Ryan, R. W.,
Levett, P., Stoneley, C. & Singh, P. (2010)
Investigation into the formation of the genotoxic impurity ethyl besylate in the finalstep manufacturing process of UK-369,003-26, a novel PDE5 inhibitor. OrganicProcess Research and Development,
Vol. 14, pp. 1027-1031.
16. ICH. (July 1997). Genotoxicity: A
standard battery for genotoxicity testing ofpharmaceuticals S2B. In: International conference on harmonisation of technicalrequirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use, Accessed on 20 January201114.Jacobson-Kram, D. & McGovern, T. (2007). Toxicological overview of impurities in Pharmaceutical products. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 59,
pp. 38-42.
17. Klick, S. (1995). Evaluation of different
injection techniques in the gas chromatographic determination of thermo labile trace impurities in a drug substance. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol. 13, pp. 563-566.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com