Buradasınız

Anasayfa » Content

Rural Roads, Sustainable Development and Maintenance of People in Desert Regions; Case Study: South Khorasan Province-East of Iran

Journal Name:

  • International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Investment in rural roads is believed by many scientists and experts to be a solution to economic and social development problems in rural areas. This perception is indeed true as there is a link between transport and sustainable development that is not always acknowledged. In this article author sets out to show that investment in rural roads can be an effective approach for sustainable development. This is a possible if the engineers and planners at program and project levels meet certain preconditions. These preconditions are requiring engineers to review their design standards so as to allow the implementation of rural road infrastructure projects by more efficient construction methods. Inadequate rural transport infrastructure and lack of mobility pose important constraints to rural development in noog oa hpup oeimt eovmgsipo oved oo tsom. Since approximately 30 percent of people in Iran live in rural areas and are mostly engaged in agriculture, a solution has to be found to this problem, such a solution must be agriculture based. Poor transport conditions are generally regarded as one of the main constraints against rural development. Without access to jobs, health, education and other amenities, the quality of life suffers, and without access to resources and markets, growth stagnates and poverty reduction cannot be sustained. Since 1970, the World Bank has spent 13-16% of its total investment expenditure on transport investment with a marked bias towards the construction of rural roads. The exclusive focus on roads and motorized vehicles has recently come under criticism because it neglects the transport needs of the rural household. Many researches in rural transport services now believe that the plans, projects and existing policies in the transport sector do nothing or little accessibility to services and opportunities; as such investing in rural roads that provide basic access will always have a high economic impact. The challenge is to create an environment around these investments that will improve the income of the rural communities as well their employment prospects. Finally some recommendations on how policy makers and planners can meet this challenge are enumerated. Author finally present some approaches and alternatives for rural people in conditions of south-khorasan province in east of Iran.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-rural-roads-sustainable-development-and-maintenance-people-desert-regions-case-study-south-khorasan-province-east-iran.pdf
  • 9
118-133
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

[1] A. A. Jalali, The Socio-Economic Impacts of Rural Tele centers in Iran tneorpsnpmg omh women eneorpsn and role of ICTs .
The World Bank Seminar, Washington DC. May 4, 2006.
[2] Administration of road and house of South Khorasan Province - Iran. Annual reports. (Persian). 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.
[3] A. K. Sarkar, Impact of PMGSY Roads on the Traffic Safety of School-Going Children in Rural Areas. The Regional Forum Group (RFG), Rajasthan and Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (India). January 2007.
[4] A. Lahsaeizdeh, Rural Development Sociology. (Persian). Zar Publications. ISBN: 964-9177-4-0. Shiraz. Iran. 2000.
[5] APERP (1997). Rural Transport Survey 1997, Andhra Pradesh Economic Restructuring Project, World Bank, Washington D.C. 1997.
[6] D. Narayan, R. Patel, K. Shafft, A. Rademacher and S. Koch-Schulte, Voices of the Poor. Crying out for Change, TheWorld Bank, Oxford University Press. 2000.
[7] E. Karami, A. Fanaie, Study Theoretical Frameworks in Extension . Vol 182. (Persian). Ministry of Jihad Sazandegi. Tehran. Iran. 1994.
[8] F. Golmohammadi, Study of Education and Extension Methods of Indigenous Knowledge of Rural Architecture (Case Study: Systan and Balouchestan Province). In: JOURNAL OF Housing And Rural Environment. Journal of Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution. TEHRAN. IRAN. ISSN: 2008-4994. No. 136, Winter, 2012. 2, 2012; 30 (136) :79-94.URL http://www.jhre.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-177-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
[9] F. Golmohammadi, Preparing Systematic Functional Pattern of Extension to Attaining Sustainable Development of Agriculture. (Persian). Title of my Dissertation for Ph.D. IN AGRIULTURAL EXTENSION AND EDUCATION . FROM : ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY_ SCIENCE AND RESEARCH BRANCH –TEHRAN. IRAN.2002-2007.
[10] F. Golmohammadi, The Role of Extension Education in
Participating Rural People toward Establishing and Maintaining Rural Parks in Isfahan Province. (Persian). IRAN. M.SC. Thesis IN AGRIULTURAL EXTENSION AND EDUCATION. TARBIAT MODARRES UNIVERSITY(T.M.U.). IRAN.1995-1998.
[11] F. Golmohammadi, Role of farmers’ education and Extension Endeavours in Productivity and water consumption management ). Article presentation. Published in the Proceedings of the Regional Congress of Sustainable Management Science – based in Agriculture and Natural Resources. Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. & Natur. Resour. Page:31. In the:(( Regional Congress of Sustainable Management Science – based in Agriculture and Natural Resources )). Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. & Natur. Resour. Gorgan. Iran. 21-22 May 2011.
International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volume 1, Issue 9, October 2012 132
www.IJSEI.com Paper ISSN: 2251-8843 ID: 10912-24
[12] F. Golmohammadi, Sustainable agriculture and rural development in Iran, Some modern issues in sustainable agriculture and rural development in Iran. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing(2012-06-27 ). Germany. ISBN-13: 978-3-659-13092-2 . LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG. Online version is available on:https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-...
[13] F. Rafipoor, Rural society and its demands: A research in 32 selected villages in Yazd Province_Iran. (Persian). 5th edition. Enteshar publication CO, LTD. Tehran, Iran. 2000.
[14] F. Rafipoor, the investigations and Imagines, an introduction toward methods of recognition society and sociology research. (Persian). 11th edition. Enteshar publication CO, LTD. Tehran, Iran. 2002.
[15] F. Rafipoor, Measurement attitude of rural people toward Jihad Sazandegi Organization and effective factors of it: A research in 3 provinces Isfahan, Fars and Khorasan _ Iran. (Persian). 5th edition. Center of rural research. Jihad Sazandegi Organization. Tehran, Iran. 2000.
[16] H. Fan and C. Chang-Kang, Road Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in China, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC: 2005
[17] H. R. Shrestha , Harmonizing Rural Road Development with Mountain Environment: Green Roads in Nepal. SCAEF Nepal. 5/30/2009.
[18] J.K. Mohapatra and B.P. Chandrasekhar, RURAL ROADS. India Infrastructure Report 2007.
[19] Ministry of Jihad Agriculture,( MOJA ). Extension and production systems (Persian). 2008. Available online: www.Irantarvij.ir
[20] MORD (2000). Empowerment of Rural India through Connectivity, Ministry of Rural Development, May, 2000.
[21] P.K. Sikdar, Proposed model of Community Participation in Rural Road Maintenance. Indian Highways, Vol. 34, No.6, Special No. June. 2006.
[22] S. Cartwright & T. Gallagher, Total Rural Capital: A Model to Engage Extension Faculty and the Public in Rural Community Development. Journal of Extension. 2002. [On-line]. Available at: http://www.joe.org
[23] S. Oraboune, Infrastructure (Rural Road) Development and Poverty Alleviation in Lao PDR. IDE DISCUSSION PAPER No. 151. INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES (IDE), JETRO 3-2-2, WAKABA, MIHAMA-KU, CHIBA-SHI CHIBA 261-8545, JAPAN. by Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO. April 2008.
[24] S., L. Zhang Fan, , and X. Zhang, Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China: The Role of Public Investments. Research Report 125, International Food Policy Research Institute. 2000.
[25] T. Pankaj, Framework for quantifying social and economic benefits from rural road development; Some thoughts and practical insights. World Bank. N.D.
[26] www.bharatnirman.gov.in/roadinitiatives.html
[27] www.birjandted.ir/.../English%20Chapter%201-South%20Khorasan%20Province,...
[28] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Khorasan_Province
[29] Y. K. Alagh, PANCHAYATI RAJ AND PLANNING IN INDIA: PARTICIPATORY INSTITUTIONS AND RURAL ROADS. Asian Institute of Transport Development, New Delhi. N.D.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com