1. Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P. Effects of tibolone on endogenous
nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate levels) in postmenopausal women. Int
J fertil 2002; 47: 13-17.
2. Akgul C, Canbaz M, Vural P, Yildirim A, Geren N. Hormone
replacement therapy and urinary prostaglandins in postmenopausal
women. Maturitas 1998; 30: 79-83.
3. Balci H, Altunyurt S, Acar B, Fadiloglu M, Kirkali G, Onvural
B. Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on plasma levels of
nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. Maturitas
2005; 50: 289-293.
4. Best PJM, Beger PB, Miller VM, Lerman A. The effect of estrogen
replacement therapy on nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels
in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 285-
288.
5. Busse R, Fleming I. Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
J Vasc Res 1996; 33: 181-194.
6. Cagnacci A, Tarquini R, Perfetto F, Arangino S, Zanni AL, Facchinetti
F. Endothein-1 and nitric oxide are related cardiovascular
risk dactors but are not modified by estradiol replacement in healthy
postmenopausal women. A crossectional and randomised
cross-over study. Maturitas 2003; 44: 117-124.
7. Christodoulakos G, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, Chondros C,
Dendrinos S, Cretsas G. Effects of estrogen-progestin and raloxifene
therapy on nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin-1
synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002; 16: 9-17.
8. De Nucci G, Thomas R, D’Orleans-Juste P, Antunes E, Walder
C, Warner TD, Vane JR. Pressor effects of endothelin are limited
by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by release of
prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA 1998; 85: 9797-9800.
9. Dubey RK. Vasodilator-derived nitric oxide inhibits fetal calf serum
and angiotensin-II-induced growth of renal arteriolar smooth
muscle cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269: 402-408.
10. Giaid A, Gibson SJ, Ibrahim BN, Legon S, Bloom SR, Yanagisawa
M, Masaki T, Varndell IM, Polak JM. Endothelin 1, an endothelium-
derived peptide, is expressed in neurons of the human
spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1989; 86: 7634-7638.
11. Gisclard V, Miller VM, Vanhoutte PM. Effect of 17 beta-estradiol
on endothelium-dependent responses in the rabbit. J Pharmacol
Exp Ther 1988; 244: 19-22.
12. Grisham MB, Johnson GG, Lancaster JR. Quantitation of nitrate
and nitrite in extracellular fluids. Methods Enzymol 1996;
268: 237-246.
13. Hishikawa K, Nakaki T, Marumo T, Suzuki H, Kato R, Saruta T.
Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aortic
endothelial cells. FEBS Leett 1995; 360: 291-293.
14. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs
B,Vittinghoff E. Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for
secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal
women. Heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study
(HERS) research group. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280: 605-613.
15. Imthurn B, Roselli M, Jaeger AW, Keller PJ, Dubey RK. Diffe-
Hormone replacement therapy and NOx/ET-1 levels
‹stanbul T›p Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt / Volume: 71 • Say› / Number: 2 • Y›l/Year: 2008
- 44 -
rential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous
nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women
sobstituted with 17_-estradiol valerate and cyprosterone acetate
or medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;
82: 388-394.
16. Isomura H, Fujie K, Shibata K, Inoue N, Iizuka T, Takebe G, Takahashi
K, Nishihara J, Ixumi H, Sakamoto W. Bone metabolism
and oxidative stress in postmenopausal rats with iron overload.
Toxicology 2004; 197: 93-100.
17. Kesim MD, Aydin Y, Erdemir M, Atis A. Nitric oxide in postmenopausal
women taking three different HRT regimens. Maturitas
2005; 50: 52-57.
18. Khoram O, Garthwaite M, Magness RR. Endometrial and miometrial
expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pre-and
postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:
2226-2232.
19. Kuller LH. Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease.
Med Clin Nort Am 2000; 84: 181-198.
20. Lip GY, Blann AD, Jones AF, Baavers DG. Effects of hormone
replacement therapy on hemostatic factors, lipid factors, and endothelial
function in women undergoing surgical menopause:
implications for prevention of atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 1997;
134: 764-771.
21. Loscalzo J, Welch G. Nitric oxide and its role in cardiovascular
system. Prog cardiovasc Dis 1995; 38: 87-104.
22. Losordo DW, Kearney M, Kim EA, Jekanowski J, Isner JM. Variable
expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and atherosclerotic
arteries in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994;
89: 1501-1510.
23. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser
NL, Trevisan M, Black HR, Heckbert SR, Detrano R, Strickland
OL, Wong ND, Crouse JR, Stein E, Gushman M. Women’s Health
Initiative Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk
of coronary heart disease. N Eng J Med 2003; 349: 519-521.
24. Mathew V, Hasdai D, Lerman A. The role of endothelin in coronary
atherosclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 769-777.
25. Pacifici R, Rifas L, McCraken R, Vered I, McMurty C, Avioli
LV, Peck WA. Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopausal
increase in blood monocyte interleukin 1 release. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2398-2402.
26. Roselli M, Imthurn B, Keller PJ, Jackson EK, Dubey RK.
Circulating nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal
women substituted with 17_-estradiol and norethisterone
acetate. A two-year follow-up study. Hypertension
1995; 25: 848-853.
27. Saitta A, Altavilla D, Cucinotta D, Morabito N, Frisina N, Corrado
F, D’Anna R, Lasco A, Squadrito G, Gaudio A, Cancellieri
F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F. Randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled
study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement
therapy on plasma NO concentrations, endothelin-1 levels,
and endothelium-dependent vasodialatation in postmenopausal
women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1512-1519.
28. Sanada M. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on metabolism
of lipoprotein remnants in postmenopausal women. Maturitas
2000; 34: 75-82.
29. Silvestri A, Gambacciani M, Vitale C, Monteleone P, Ciaponi M,
Fini M, Genazzani AR, Mercuro C, Rosano GMC. Different effect
of hormone replacement therapy, DHEAS and tibolone on
endothelial function in postmenopausal women with increased
cardiovascular risk. Maturitas 2005; 50: 305-311.
30. Van-Buren GA, Yang DS, Clark KE. Estrogen-induced uterine
vasodilatation is antagonised by L-nitroarginine methyl ester, an
inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;
167: 828-833.
31. Vane JR, Anggard EE, Botting RM. Regulatory functions of the
vascular endothelium N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 27-36.
32. Vural P. Nitric oxide/endothelin-1 in preeclampsia. Clinica Chimica
Acta 2002; 317: 65-70.
33. Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M. Effects of menopause and tibolone
on antioxidants in postmenopausal women. Ann Clin Biochem
2005; 42: 220-223.
34. Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M: Effects of hormone replacement
therapy on plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory
cytokines and some bone turnover markers in postmenopausal
women. Pharmacological Research 2006; 54: 298-302.
35. Wang Y, Walsh SW, Kay HH. Placental lipid peroxides and
thromboxane are increased and prostacyclin is decreased in women
with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 946-
949.
36. Wilcox CG, Hatch HE, Gentzschein E, Stanczyk F, Lobo RA.
Endothelin levels decrease after oral and nonoral estrogen in
postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk factors.
Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 273-277.
37. Wimalawansa SJ. Rationale for using nitric oxide donor therapy
for prevention of bone loss and treatment of osteoporosis in humans.
Ann N YAcad Sci 2007; 1117: 283-297.
38. Ylikorkala O, Cacciatore B, Paakkari I, Tikkanen MJ, Viinikka
L, Tivonen J. The long-term effects of oral and transdermal postmenopausal
hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide, endothelin-
1, prostecyclin, and thromboxane. Fertil Steril 1998;
69: 8883-8888.
Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com