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KÜRESELLEŞME SONRASI HUKUK DEVLETİ: MİT Mİ, GERÇEKLİK Mİ?

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Abstract (Original Language): 
Kapitalist toplumun siyasal-hukuksal bünyesi olarak, hukuk devleti tarihsel bir bağlam içinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Her hukuk sisteminin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişmesine benzer şekilde, onun biçimine ve yürüttüğü işlevlere hukukçuların veya hukuk felsefecilerinin kendi mesleklerinden kaynaklanan çabaları veya fikir yürütmeleri aracılığıyla yön verilemez. Hukuk devleti bizim “klasik liberalizm” dediğimiz kuvvetler ayrılığının olduğu durumda, hukuksal iktidarı siyasal iktidardan farklılaştırdığımız ve adına cumhuriyet dediğimiz belli koşullar altında ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha önceki hukuksal biçimlerden farklı olarak, kapitalizm üstyapısının hukuk sisteminin ekseni oluşturduğu bir modele göre eklemlenmesiyle kendine özgüdür. Burada, kamusal ve özel alanlar dikotomisiyle uyumlulaşan şekilde hukuksal alan ve siyasal alan arasında fiili bir denge bulunur. Tekelci kapitalizm sonrasında, liberalizm koşullarında ortaya çıkmış olan toplumsal konumlanış bazı büyük boy değişikliklere maruz kaldı. Bunların birincisi tekelleşmiş sermayenin yol açtığı liberal bireyin yerinden edilmesidir. İkincisi ise, kitle toplumunun sonucu olarak, çalışan sınıfların mücadelelerinin sonucunda siyasal eşitliğe ulaşmalarıdır. Böylece, hukuk devleti demokratikleşmiş kitle toplumunun depolitikleşmesi olarak değişiklik yaşadı; bu, hukuk devletini refah toplumu veya sosyal hukuk devleti yönünde değişikliğe uğrattı. 1980’leri izleyen küreselleşme sonrasında siyasal toplumların cumhuriyetçi modeli gerilemeye başladı. Bu noktada ulusaşırı sermayenin yol açtığı, piyasalar, hiyerarşiler, bölgecilikler cemaat konumlanmaları politika ve hukuk arasındaki dengeyi enine kesti. Nihayet, iktidar yapısında yeni ortaya çıkmış olan eklemlenme tarzı hukuk devletinin varlığı zorunlu olan temellerinin altını oydu.
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