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Teolojik Estetikte Tanrı ve Sanat

God and Arts in Theological Aesthetics

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Theological aesthetics is a movement which arises as a reaction to the speculative and rational theology in the first period of twentieth-century. It is generally accepted as "the practice of theology". Karl Barth, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Gerardus van der Leeuw and Karl Rahner are the main representatives of this movement. Barth, Balthasar and van der Leeuw make their theological aesthetics depend on the theory of "imago del", and base the possibility of all arts and theology on the doctrine of Christian incarnation (image). Rahner also tries to find a dialogue between theology and arts; however he, especially being influenced by Paul Tillich, separates from the other theologians by asserting that "all art is religious and sacred." Therefore, while theological aesthetics of Barth, Balthasar, and van der Leeuw excludes the authenticity of the other religious tradition's sacred arts by depending all arts on the Christian norm, Rahner adopts an inclusive and comprehensive attitude by insisting that not only religious arts but profane arts also the expression of the sacred. In this article, two basic paradigms will be evaluated and discussed in terms of theological aesthetic approach.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Teolojik estetik, yirminci yüzyılın başlarında spekülatif ve rasyonel teolojiye bir tepki olarak ortaya çıkan ve genel anlamda "teolojinin pratiği" olarak kabul edilen bir harekettir. Karl Barth, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Gerardus van der Leeuw ve Karl Rahner bu hareketin belli başlı temsilcileri arasındadır. İlk üç teolog teolojik estetik anlayışlarını "imago dei" teorisine dayandırmış, tüm sanatların ve aynı şekilde teolojinin imkânını da Hıristiyan enkarnasyon (imge) doktrinine bağlamışlardır. Rahner de teoloji ve sanatlar arasında diyalog arayışına girmiştir; ancak o, özellikle Paul Tillich'in de etkisiyle, profan sanatlar da dâhil olmak üzere "tüm sanatların dinî ve kutsal olduğu" görüşünü benimseyerek diğer teologlardan ayrılmıştır. Bu bakımdan Barth, Balthasar ve van der Leeuw eksenli teolojik estetik, diğer dinî geleneklerin kutsal sanatlarını da Hıristiyan normuna dayandırmak suretiyle dışlayıcı bir yaklaşım belirlerken, Rahner sadece bütün dini sanatların değil, profan sanatların dahi kutsalın bir ifadesi olabileceğine vurgu yapmak suretiyle kapsayıcı ve kuşatıcı bir tutum benimsemiştir. Bu makalede teolojik estetik yaklaşımlarda ön plana çıkan söz konusu bu iki temel paradigma ele alınıp tartışılacaktır.
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