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BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VE ZARARLI BÖCEKLERE KARŞI KULLANIMI

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS Berliner ET SON UTILISATION CONTRE LES INSECTES RAVAGEURS

Journal Name:

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2004

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Bacillus thuringiensis est une bacterie qui possede des proprietes de toxicite â l'encontre de certains insectcs. Au debut du 20C"K siecle, elle etait surtout connue comme un agent pathogene du vers a soie. On a rcconnu depuis son intcret en protection des cultures, grace aux nomreuses etudes cITcctuccs sur cette bacterie et sur sa toxicite. La bacterie synthdtise des cristaux constitutes de protoxmes. Ces dernieres une fois ingerees par l'insecte sont transformees en toxincs actives au niveau du tube digestif. Les toxines ainsi activees vont se fixer sur des rcecpteurs specifiques des cellules du tube digestif de l'insecte ce qui provoque d'importantes lesions et une paralysie du lube digestif. II existe plusieurs varietes de B.t. appeles souches. Chaque souche, qui produit des toxines diffcrcntcs. agit specifiqucment sur une gamme de larves d'insectes. B.t. a etc utilise pendant plus de 20 ans sans qu'on rapporte un seul cas de developpement d'une resistance au champ. Pourtant. grace a la conduile d'experiences en laboratoire, on a pu observer que I'apparition de phenomenes de resistance aux toxines de B.t. clait tout â fait possible.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bacillus thuringiensis bazı böceklere karşı toksik özelliği bulunan bir bakteridir. 20. yüzyılın başında ipek böceklerine arız olan bir patojen olarak düşünülmüşse de, bakteri ve toksik özelliği üzerine yapılan araştırmalar böceklerle mücadelede çok önemli bir araç olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bakteri, toksik özelliği bulunan protoksin adını verdiğimiz protein kristalleri sentezler. Böcek tarafından ağız yoluyla alınan bu protoksinler böcek bağırsağında aktif toksinlere dönüşür. Bu toksinler bağırsakta spesifik reseptörlere bağlanır ve bağırsağın yırtılmasına neden olur. Bacillus thuringiensis'ın birçok alttürü vardır. Herbir alttür farklı yapıda toksinler üretir ve her toksinin etki ettiği böcek türleri farklıdır. Bacillus thuringiensis arazide herhangi bir dayanıklılık olayına rastlanmaksızın 20 yılı aşkın süredir yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Fakat, laboratuvarda yapılan denemeler böceklerin bu biyolojik insektisite karşı dayanıklılık geliştirebilme ihtimalinin bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
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  • 1
115-125
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

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