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Nehir Tipi Hidroelektrik Santrallerinin Havzalar Üzerindeki Ekohidrolojik Etkileri

Ecohydrological Effects of Run-of-River Type Hydroelectric Power Plants on the Watersheds

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Abstract (2. Language): 
In the construction phase of a hydroelectric power plants (HEPP) many negative effects including soil compaction, road construction, modification in flow regime, degradation of aquatic habitats, power transfer lines and roads, and impacts on wildlife are expected on ecosystems. Streams and stream habitats are affected from all these immediately. In our country the dam-type hydro power plant is used heavily where the energy production is closely related to water holding capacity, but this type of energy production give rise to high. Therefore instead of this type of energy production is used of the efforts of different hydraulic evaluation possibilities. This is an example of runoff type hydroelectric power plants which is related to natural flow characteristics during energy producing. With the effect of different energy cost, some changes has been occurred in the energy sources policies (privatization, legislation changes). A useful tool of field surveys together with ecohydrological study is required to reveal these effects and the integration level of the stream. These suggest that a watershed based scientific evaluation that ensures the sustainability of ecosystems is a ecohydrological research gap in our country. An evaluation will be improved to reveal the ecohydrological effects of run-of-river type hydroelectric power plants as an outcome of this study.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Hidroelektrik santrallerinin kurulum aşamasında meydana gelen orman kesimi, hafriyat depolama, yol yapımı, topraklarda kompaktlaşma gibi olumsuzluklar ile işletim aşamasında doğal akış özelliklerinin değişmesi, sucul organizmaların göç yollarının tıkaması, enerji nakil hattı geçişi, ilave yolların yaratacağı zararların yaban hayvanları ve ekosistemler üzerinde bir takım olumsuz etkilere yol açması kaçınılmazdır. Ortaya çıkabilecek olumsuzlukların ya da kötüye gidişin etkilerinin en hızlı ve açık biçimde görülebileceği yerler akarsular ve bünyelerindeki habitatlardır. Fakat dere ekosistemlerinin sağlık ve doğallıktan uzaklaşma (entegrasyon) düzeyini ortaya koymak ve bununla bağlantılı olarak nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrallerinin etkilerini en iyi şekilde değerlendirmek ekohidrolojik anlamda mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu gerçekler, ülkemizde üzerine kurulduğu nehir tipi HESleri barındıran havzalarda bilimsel açıdan havza ölçeğinde ekosistemlerin devamlılığını gözetecek ekohidrolojik ağırlıklı bir değerlendirme yapılması gereksinimini gündeme getirmektedir. Bu makalede nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrallerinin ekohidrolojik etkilerini ortaya koyabilecek değerlendirme metodolojisinin ana hatları irdelenmiştir.
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