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PSİKOLOJİDE SÜBJEKTİFLİK VE PSEUDO-OBJEKTİFLÎK

SUBJECTIVITY AND PSEUDO -OBJECTIVITY IN PSYCHOLOGY

Journal Name:

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 1977
Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Objektiflik müşahededen başka bir şey yapmamak demek değildir. İlimde objektiflik, düşüncenin objektifliğidir. Objektif olmak için düşüncenin müşahade sahasında durması icabetmez, müşaha-delerle devamlı irtibat halinde olması kâfidir. Bu yazıda, «.direkt müşahade ve tasvirin ötesine geçerek bir hipotez kurmak, esrarengiz zihnî faaliyetlere girişmektir» diyen Skinner'in iddiası reddedilmektedir. Objectivity does not mean doing nothing but observing. Objectivity in science is the objectivity of thought. Thought, to be objective, does not have to remain within the boundaries of obser-vables; it is sufficient if it remains anchored in observables. In this paper, Skinner's assertion that ^.unlike direct observation and description the construction of an hypothesis suggests mysterious intellectual activities^ is refuted.
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  • 1
49-56
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1 W. Wundt: Giundrifi der Psychologic. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 10. Aufl., 1911, p. 3.
2 J.B. Watson: Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 1913, 20, 158-177.
3 An expression used by William James in a letter to his brother Henry James.
4. Cf. D.E. Broadbent: Classical conditioning and human watch-keeping. Psychological Review, 1953, 60, 331-339.
5 D.O. Hebb : Organization of Behavior. New York: Wiley, 1949, pp. 4 and 7.
6 Cf, Bitterman's remark: «Skİnner's assertion that theories 'lose their point' İn the face of order and consistency of behavior also is difficult to accept. One might argue, on the contrary, that order and consistency is much more likely than disorder to stimulate inquiry into cause». M.E. Bitterman: Learning in Animals. In H. Helson and W-Bevan (eds.): Contemporary Approaches to Psychology. Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1967, p. 175.
7 B.F. Skinner: Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 1950, 57, 193¬216; B.F. Skinner : A case history in scientific method, In S. Koch (ed.); Psychology: A Study of a Science, Vol. 2 New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.
8 B.F. Skinner: Contingencies of Reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century, 1969, p. ix.
9 B.F. Skinner: op. cit., p. ix.
10 R.L. Gregory: Eye and Brain. London: World University Library, 1966, p. 221.

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