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İmam Muhammed Gazali Tousi’nin Siyasi Düşüncelerindeki Siyasi Tavsiyelerin Analizi ve Yeniden okunması

ANALYSİS AND REREADİNG OF POLİTİCAL ADVİCES İN IMAM MOHAMMAD GHAZALİ TOUSİ'S POLİTİCAL THOUGHTS

Journal Name:

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Şarkiyat Mecmuası

Publication Year:

  • 2010

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Imam Mohammad Ghazali is a famous thinker and one of the distinguished scientists of the world of Islam. He was born in the village of Taberan in Tous in 450 A.H/1058 A.D and after 55 years of an adventurous, but blissful life, he passed away in 505 A.H/1111 A.D in the same city. In Ghazali's time, the relationship between the monarchy base and caliph ship was passing its most sensitive altitudes and like other eminent thinkers of the time, Ghazali couldn't be away of the quarrels and directions. His character stick of being quarrelsome and also his spiritual changes has brought many difficulties for researchers. One of the debatable works of Ghazali is "Nasihat -Al- Moluk" which belongs to the works of the last years of his life; this book includes two parts: in section one, he has presented some information in the context of Islamic instruction and beliefs and also some ethical advices, but in the next section, it takes another quality and changes to an epistle like political advice-works or policy-works. In this article, we try to analyze and evaluate his political thoughts, on the basis of the recited book.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
İmam Muhammed Gazali İslam dünyasının en ünlü düşünürü ve önemli biliminsanlarından biridir. Tous’un Taberan köyünde hicri 450/MS 1058 yılında doğmuştur. Epey maceralı fakat mutluluk dolu 55 yılın ardından aynı şehirde hicri 505/MS 1111 yılında vefat etmiştir. Gazali’nin zamanında monarşi ve halifelik en hassas dönemlerinden geçiyordu ve zamanın diğer önde gelen düşünürleri gibi Gazali de tartışmalardan uzak kalamadı. Biraz geçimsiz olması ve ruh halindeki değişimler araştırmacılar için birçok zorluk getirmiştir. Yaşamının son dönemlerinde kaleme aldığı ve Gazali’nin tartışmalı eserlerinden biri “Nasihat- Al- Moluk” adlı kitabıdır. Bu kitap iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: birinci bölümde İslami eğitim, inanç ve bazı etik tavsiyeler bağlamında bilgiler sunulmuştur. Ancak ikinci bölümde, eser farklı bir boyut kazanmakta ve bir siyasi tavsiyeler risalesine dönüşmektedir. Bu makalede,bahsedilen eser bazında onun siyasi düşünceleri analiz edilip, değerlendirilecektir.
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  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1- Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (Imam), Nasihat-al-Moluk, Ed. By
Jalaluddin Homei (Tehran: Homa, 1367) pp., 1-3.
2- Ibid., p. 52.
3- Ibid., p. 65.
4- Ibid., pp. 52-53.
5- Ibid., p. 54.
6- Ibid., p. 65.
7- Ibid., p. 66.
8- Ibid., p. 5.
9- Ibid., pp. 4-5.
10- Ibid., p. 5.
11- Ibid., pp. 127-128.
12- Ibid., pp. 21 and 35.
13- Ibid., p. 161.
14- Ibid., pp. 224-225.
15- Quran, 3/32, 4/59, 5/92, 8/1, 8/20, 24/54, 24/56, 47/33, 58/13.
1
ANALYSİS AND REREADİNG OF POLİTİCAL ADVİCES
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16- Ibid., 3/26; In oppose to this Quran verse that Asha-areh have deducted
fatalism from it, there are many other verses that abolish this belief. i.e.
refer to Quarn: 18/29.
17- Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (Imam), pp. 81-82.
18- Ibid., pp. 127-128.
19- 0Ibid., p. 112.
20- Ibid., pp. 84-96.
21- Ibid., pp. 84-96.
22- Ibid.
23- Ibid., p. 96.
24- Ibid., p. 95.
25- Ibid., p. 90.
26- Ibid., p. 95.
27- Ibid.
28- Ibid., p. 92.
29- Ibid., p. 96.
30- Ibid., p. 97.
31- Ibid., pp. 150-152.
32- Ibid., p. 160.
33- Ibid., pp. 26-27.
34- Ibid., p. 113.
35- Ibid., p. 158.
36- Ibid.
37- Ibid., p. 127.
38- Ibid., pp. 75-78.
39- Ibid., p. 77.
40- Ibid.
41- Ibid., p. 78.
42- Ibid., pp. 247-248.
43- Ibid., p. 252.
44- Ibid., pp. 253-254 and 258.
45- Ibid., p. 254.
46- Ibid., pp. 248-249.
47- Ibid., p. 28.
48- Ibid., p. 197.
49- Ibid., p. 140.
50- Ibid., p. 142.
51- Ibid., p. 139.
52- Ibid., p. 165.
53- Ibid., pp. 106-107.
Sina FOOROZESH
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54- Ibid., p. 150.
55- Ibid., p. 14.
56- Ibid., p. 107.
57- Ibid.
58- Ibid., p. 110.
59- Ibid.
60- Ibid., p. 148.
61- Ibid., p. 149.
62- Lambton.
63- Ann, k.s.Lambton, State and Government in medievql Islam, researched and
translated by seyed Abbas Salehi and Mohammad Mahdi Faghihi (published
by Orooj, 1374), p. 211.
64- Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (Imam), p. 121.
65- Ibid., p. 37.
66- Ibid., p. 38.
67- Ibid., p. 39.
68- Ibid., pp.13-14.
69- Ibid., p. 14.
70- Ibid.
71- Ibid.
72- Ibid., p. 27.
73- Ibid., p. 36.
74- Ibid., pp. 39-40.
75- Ibid., p. 46.
76- Ibid., p. 47.
77- Ibid., p. 48.
78- Ibid., p. 49.
79- Ibid., p. 50.
80- Ibid.
81- Ibid., pp. 15 and 124.
82- Ibid., p. 124.
83- Ibid., pp. 104-105.
84- Ibid., pp. 149-150.
85- Ibid., p. 16.
86- Ibid., p. 19.
87- Ibid., pp. 98-99.
88- Ibid., p. 82.
89- Ibid., p. 83.
90- Ibid., pp. 100-101.
91- Ibid., p. 110.
ANALYSİS AND REREADİNG OF POLİTİCAL ADVİCES
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92- Ibid., p. 111.
93- Ibid., p. 100.
94- Ibid., p. 124.
95- Ibid., pp. 25-26 and 114.
96- Ibid.
97- Ibid., pp. 105-106.
98- Ibid., pp. 115-118.
99- Ibid., p. 122.
100- Ibid., pp. 49 and 115-118.
101- Ibid., p. 168.
102- Ibid., pp. 136-138.
103- Ibid., p. 22.
104- Ibid., pp. 129-130.
105- Ibid., p. 131.
106- Ibid., pp. 132-132.
107- Quran., 4/58.
108- Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (Imam), p. 171.
109- Ibid.
110- Ibid., p. 221.
111- Ibid., p. 147.
112- Ibid., p. 143.
113- Ibid.
114- Ibid., p. 159.
115- Ibid., p. 167.
116- Ibid., p. 120.
117- Ibid., p. 136.
118- Ibid., p. 50.
119- Quran., 3/159.
120- Quran., 20/29.
121- Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (Imam), p. 175.
122- Ibid., p. 177.
123- Ibid., p. 182.
124- Nahj al-Balaghe, sermon 168, the last medicine is the deceit.
125- Ibid., pp. 182-183
126- Ibid., pp. 184-185.
127- Ibid., pp. 179-180.
128- Ibid., pp. 153-154 and 156-157.
129- Ibid., pp. 156-157.
130- Ibid., p. 176.
131- Ibid., p. 187.
Sina FOOROZESH
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132- Ibid.
133- Ibid., p.188.
134- Ibid., p. 189.
135- Ibid.
136- Ibid., p. 190.
137- Ibid., p. 196.
138- Ibid.
139- Ibid., p.165.
140- Ibid.
141- Ibid., p. 166.
142- Ibid., p. 280.
143- Ibid., p. 262.
144- Ibid., p. 284.
145- Ibid., p. 285.
146- Ibid.

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