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GAZ HİDRATLAR VE ÖNEMİ: TÜRKİYE ÇEVRESİ DENİZLERDE GAZ HİDRAT VE SIĞ GAZ ARAMALARI

GAS HYDRATES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE: INVESTIGATION OF GAS HYDRATES AND SHALLOW GAS IN SEAS AROUND TURKEY

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Gas hydrates are naturally occurring crystalline solids that form mixtures of water and light natural gases, generally methane. Methane which is released by huge volumes when gas hydrates decompose, is a potential future energy source and also has a potential role in global climate change. For these reasons, numerous studies have been performed both to understand the nature of gas hydrates and to investigate their potential reservoir areas in the Earth. Studies show that pressure, temperature, geothermal gradient, composition of the gas, structure of the porous medium, pore water salinity, degree of gas saturation are the main parameters effecting hydrate occurrence and Gas Hydrate Stability Zones (GHSZ) on land and offshore. Seismic and acoustic methods are widely used to investigate gas hydrates. Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSR's) o n seismic sections are known as indicators of gas hydrates. Moreover, Direct Current Resistivity Method (DCR) and Controlled Source Electromagnetic methods (CSEM) are applied where seismic methods are insufficient. The seas around Turkey, generally shallower depths have high gas hydrate and shallow free gas potential trapped beneath gas hydrates. Many BSR's, gas chimneys, gas seeps, gas pockets, mud volcanoes, mud diapirs are discovered in Black Sea and Mediterranean. On the other hand, The Marmara Sea and The Aegean Sea have been focused by few studies.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Gaz hidratlar su ve hafif doğal gazların ki genellikle metan gazı, karışımından doğal yolla oluşan kristal yapılı katılardır. Gaz hidratların ayrışması sonucu açığa çıkan yüksek hacimli metan gazı geleceğin potansiyel enerji kaynağı olarak görülmekle birlikte; küresel iklim değişikliklerinde de potansiyel bir role sahiptir. Bu sebeplerden dolayı, gaz hidratların hem doğasını anlamaya yönelik hem de dünyadaki potansiyel gaz hidrat rezervlerini araştırmaya yönelik çok sayıda çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, karalarda ve denizlerde gaz hidratların oluşumunu ve kararlılık zonlarını (GHKZ) etkileyen temel parametreler; basınç, sıcaklık, jeotermal gradyan, gaz bileşimi, ortamın gözenekliliği, gözenek suyu tuzluluğu ve gaz doygunluğunun derecesidir. Sismik ve akustik yöntemler gaz hidratların aranmasında yaygın olarak kullanılırlar. BSR yansımaları sismik kesitlerde gaz hidratların göstergesi olarak bilinir. Ayrıca, sismik yöntemlerin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda Doğru Akım Elektrik Özdirenç (DCR) ve Kontrollü Kaynak Elektromanyetik Yöntemler (CSEM) kullanılır. Türkiye çevresindeki denizler genellikle sığ derinliklerde yüksek oranda gaz hidrat ve hidratın altında kapanlanan serbest gaz potansiyeline sahiptir. Karadeniz ve Akdeniz'de gaz hidratla ilişkili olarak çok sayıda BSR seviyesi, gaz bacaları, gaz sızıntıları, gaz cepleri, çamur volkanları, çamur diapirleri keşfedilmiştir. Marmara Denizi ve Ege Denizi'nde ise nispeten daha az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur.
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