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TOZ KÖMÜRLERİN ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE YAĞ AGLOMERASYONU YÖNTEMİ VE YENİLİKLER

OIL AGGLOMERATION METHOD FOR THE CLEANING OF FINE-SIZED COALS AND INNOVATIONS

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The developments in coal production technology have increased the amount of fine-sized (dust) coal produced in the process. Enrichment of coal dust not only reduced mining cost but also eliminates current environmental problems. Unfortunately, the energy requirement increases continuously in proportion to the progress in technology. Therefore, limited energy resources creating environmental problems should be processed with environment-friendly methods. Oil agglomeration method is one of the recovery methods used as an alternative method to flotation for recovery of fine-sized coal particles. This method is based on coating the surface of coal particles with oil droplets and enlarging coal particles by sticking them together using high-speed mixer. The efficiency of oil agglomeration is improved both technically and economically with mechanical emulsification of oil and the use of various surfactants before agglomeration or the increasing of hydrophobic (or oleophilic) features of coal surface by several surfactants. The innovations in oil agglomeration have been allowed that even low rank coals such as lignite are recovered successfully with the method nowadays. In the present study, the fundamental principles of oil agglomeration, parameters affecting the method and review of studies conducted are explained in detail and related innovations are presented.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Kömürün üretim teknolojisindeki gelişmeler, kömür üretimi sürecinde oluşan ince boyutlu (toz) kömürün miktarını arttırmaktadır. Bu tür toz kömürlerin zenginleştirilerek değerlendirilmesi, hem madencilik maliyetini azaltmakta, hem de önemli bir çevre problemini ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Ayrıca enerjiye olan gereksinim, her geçen gün teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle doğru orantılı olarak artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, çevre problemi yaratan sınırlı enerji kaynaklarının, çevre dostu yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yağ aglomerasyonu yöntemi, bu yöntemlerden biridir. Özellikle çok ince boyutlu kömür tanelerinin kazanılmasında flotasyona alternatif bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, yüksek devirli karıştırıcılar kullanılarak, kömür tanelerinin yağ tarafından ıslatılması ve birbirlerine bağlanarak iri taneler haline getirilmesi prensibine dayanır. Yağın, kömür-su sistemine verilmeden önce, su içerisinde gerek mekanik karıştırma ile gerekse çeşitli yüzey aktif reaktiflerin kullanımı ile emülsiye edilmesi (dağıtılması) veya kömür yüzeyinin yine çeşitli yüzey aktif reaktiflerle hava/yağ sever özellik kazandırılması, yöntemin başarısını hem teknik hem de ekonomik yönden arttırmaktadır. Yağ aglomerasyonu yöntemindeki bu yenilikler, günümüzde linyit gibi düşük kaliteli kömürlerin bile, bu yöntem ile başarıyla zenginleştirilebilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu makalede, yağ aglomerasyonu yönteminin temel prensipleri, yöntemi etkileyen parametreler ve farklı tip kömürler için yöntemin uygulamasına yönelik araştırmalar detaylı olarak açıklanmış, yöntem ile ilgili yenilikler tartışılmıştır.
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