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FİNLANDİYA’DA DİN EĞİTİMİ

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN FINLAND

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS1537
Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
This article, intends to analyse religious education in Finland, in subheadings such as the countries background, its demographic structure and the transformation process through the years, teaching programs and the education of teachers. To meet this goal, foreign studies focusing on the religious education in Finland have been scanned, the up to date ones have especially been used to reflect the current circumstances. In addition, with the demographic rates of the religious groups in Finland, the latest date from Finnish Statistical Institute were based. It is concluded from the research that the religious education in Finland is a crucial element for the Finnish society and culture and is the key element in creation of national identity and conscience of citizenship. The most significant duty attributed to religious education is its functions as a bridge for Finland's yesterday, today and tomorrow. Along with this effect, it is expected from religious education to be taught to contribute the growing generation to absorb and be individuals who are aware of their moral responsibilities, sensible for the environment, understanding and tolerant to differences. In Finland's case of religious education programs however, it can be stated that the students from different religious backgrounds are reconstituted according to confessional religious education which is based on student's own teachings and the students are able to receive education on all stages from pre-school to high school. Religion courses which are left to the choice of families, in elementary and high school education are among the compulsory courses however the students have the right to be exempt. Nevertheless, there are compulsory moral courses for the students are exempt from religious education. While the basics are taught by the form teacher, branch teacher takes over in middle school and high school.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu makale, Finlandiya’daki din eğitimini, ülkenin tarihi arka planı, demografik yapısı ve zaman içerisinde geçirdiği dönüşümü, öğretim programları ve öğretmen eğitimi gibi alt başlıklar altında incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu hedefe ulaşmak amacıyla, Finlandiya’daki din eğitimini ele alan yabancı literatür taranmış, özellikle günümüzdeki mevcut durumu yansıtmak için güncel olanları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca Finlandiya’daki dini toplulukların demografik oranlarında, Fin İstatistik Kurumunun son verileri esas alınmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde, Finlandiya’da din eğitiminin, Fin toplumu ve kültürü için önemli bir unsur olduğu, ulusal kimlik inşası ve vatandaşlık bilincinin oluşturulmasında kilit taşı görevini üstlendiği görülmektedir. Din eğitimine yüklenen en önemli görev, din eğitiminin Fin toplumunun dünü, bugünü ve geleceği arasında köprü vazifesi görmesidir. Bununla birlikte uygulanacak din eğitiminden, yetişmekte olan nesillerin Fin kültürünü içselleştirmelerine ve ahlaki sorumluluklarını bilen, çevresine duyarlı, farklılıklara karşı hoşgörü ve anlayış gösteren bir birey olarak yetişmelerine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Finlandiya’da din dersi öğretim programlarının ise, ülkedeki farklı dini arka plana sahip öğrencilerin kendi öğretilerini esas alan confessional din eğitimi yaklaşımına göre yapılandırıldığını ve okul öncesinden lise eğitimine kadar tüm eğitim basamaklarında öğrencilerin din eğitimi alabildiklerini söyleyebiliriz. Okul öncesinde ailelerin istek ve tercihine bırakılan din dersleri, Temel eğitim ve lise eğitiminde, zorunlu okutan dersler arasında yer almakla birlikte, öğrencilerin din dersinden muaf olma hakları da bulunmaktadır. Ancak, din dersinden muaf olan öğrenciler için, öğretim programlarında bu derse alternatif olarak okutulan zorunlu Ahlak dersi yer almaktadır. Temel eğitimin ilk beş sınıfında din dersleri sınıf öğretmenleri tarafından verilirken, ortaokul ve lise de ise branş öğretmenleri tarafından verilmektedir.
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