Buradasınız

Anasayfa » Content

Building evacuation: Principles for the analysis of basic structures through dynamic flow networks

Journal Name:

  • Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of the factors determining the architectural configuration of buildings for the mobility of people, using dynamic flow networks and considering group formation in the evacuation process. Design/methodology/approach: For a long time it has been considered that once an evacuation begins, movement on the evacuation route mainly obeys mechanical factors; people occupy the free spaces which lead to evacuation more or less automatically. However, recent research has emphasized the need to consider people’s behavior; one of the aspects considered in this work is group formation, with its significant influence on the evacuation process. In positions of convergence and their branches things become considerably more complicated; as well as occupants’ behavioral aspects other relevant factors such as the geometry of the premises are critical in this process. Authors propose models, in which nodes are strategically placed, besides taking into consideration aspects of behavior. Several cases are analyzed. Findings: The solution proposed in this paper is to analyze the problem through dynamic flow networks, using a macroscopic model in a deterministic environment in which the evolution of the quantities characterizing the problem at regular intervals is represented, obtaining a reasonably accurate and reliable understanding of the development of the evacuation. Originality/value: A precise model of evacuation routes, convergence points and branches which includes a consideration of occupants’ behavior is obtained using stochastic models with microscopic analysis, in which people’s behavior is considered individually, this solution is complex, difficult to apply with many occupants and in large enclosures, and also, this way does not lead to optimal solutions.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon 635-5209-1-pb.pdf
  • 4
831-859
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

Baumann, N., & Skutella, M. (2009). Solving evacuation problems efficiently: Earliest arrival
flows with multiple sources. Mathematics of Operations Research, 34, 499-512.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.1090.0382
Berlin, G.N., (1980). A network analysis of building egress system. ORSA/TIMS meeting
Washington.
Blue, J.V., & Adler, J.L. (2000). Cellular automata microsimulation of bi- directional pedestrian
flows. J. Trans. Research Board, 1678, 135-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1678-17
Bryan, J.L. (1983). A Review of the Examination and Analysis of the Dynamics of Human
Behavior in the Fire at the MGM Grand Hotel, Clark Country, Nevada, as Determined from a Selected Questionnaire Population. Fire safety Journal, 5, 233-240.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-7112(83)90021-8
Chen, Ch., Li, J., & Zhang, D. (2012). Study on evacuation behaviors at a T-shaped confluence
by a force-driving cellular automata model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its
Applications, 391(7).
Choi, W., Hamacher, S., & Tufekci, S. (1988). Modelling of building evacuation problems by
network flows with side constraints. European Journal of Operational Research, 35, 98-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(88)90382-7
EVACMOD. http://www.evacmod.net/.
Fang, Z., Zong, X., Li, Q., & Xiong, S. (2011). Hierarchical multi objective evacuation routing in
stadium using ant colony optimization approach. Journal of Transportation Geography, 19,
443-451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.10.001
Francis, R.L. (1981). A Uniformity principle for evacuation route allocation. Journal of Research
of National Bureau of Standards, 86, 509-513. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.086.023
Francis, R.L., Chalmet, L.G., & Saunders, P. B. (1982). Network models for building evacuation.
Management Science, 28, 86-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.28.1.86
Francis, R.L., & Kisko, T.M. (1985). EVACNET+: A Computer program to determine Optimal
building evacuation plans. Fire Safety Journal, 9, 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-
7112(85)90009-8
Frantzich, H., & Benthorn, L. (1999). Managing evacuating people from facilities during a fire
emergency. Facilities, 17(9), 325-330.
Fruins, J.J. (1971-1987). Pedestrian planning and design. Elevator World. Library of Congress
Catalog, number 70-159312.
Fukui, M., Ishibashi, Y. (1999). Jamming transition in cellular automaton models for pedestrian
on passageway. J. Phys Soc, 68: 3738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.68.3738
Hamacher, H.W., & Tjandra, S.A. (2001). Mathematical Modelling of Evacuation Problems: A
State of Art. Reports of the ITWM, 24.
Helbing, D., & Molnar, P. (1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review
E, 4282-4286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282
Henderson, L.F. (1974). On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion. Transportation
Research, 8, 509-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-1647(74)90027-6
Hope, B., & Tardos, E. (1994). Polynomial time algorithms for some evacuations problems.
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 433-441.
Galea, E.R., Sharp, G., & Lawrence, P.J. (2008). Investigating the Representation of Merging
Behavior at the Floor-Stair Interface in Computer Simulation of Multi-Floor Building Evacuation. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 18, 291-316.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042391508095092
Gwyne, S. (2009). Safety in numbers. How human being react to fire. Magazine Significance,
March, 14-19.
Kamiyama, N., Katoh, N., & Atsushi, T. (2008). An efficient algorithm for the evacuation
problem in certain class of networks with uniform path-lengths. Discrete Applied
Mathematics.
Kholshenikov, V.V., Shields, T.H., Boyce, K.E., & Samoshin, D.A. (2009). Recent developments
in pedestrian flow theory and Research in Russia. Fire Safety Journal, 43, 108-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.05.005
Köster, G., Seitz, M., Treml, F., Hartmann, D., & Klein, W. (2011). On modeling the influence of
group formations in a crowd. Contemporary Social Science, 6(3), 397-414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2011.619867
Nelson, H.E., & McLennan, H.A. (1996). Emergency Movement. The SFPE Handbook of Fire
Protection Engineering, 3286-3295.
Pauls, J.L. (1984). The movement of people in buildings and design solutions for means of
egress. Fire Technology, 20(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390046
Predtechenskii, W.M., & Milinskii, A.I. (1969-1978). Planning for foot traffic flow in buildings.
Amerind Publishing Co. New Delhi., National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Dep. Commerce,
PB-294 993-T.
Tjandra, S.A., & Hamacher, H.W. (2003). Dynamic Network Optimization with Application to
the Evacuation Problems. PhD thesis, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Weidmann, U., & Buchmueller, S. (2007). Parameters of pedestrians, pedestrian traffic, and
walking facilities. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - Institute for Transport Planning and
Systems, Zurich.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com