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FARKLI YAKLAŞIMLARI UYGULAYAN OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÇOCUKLARDA DÜŞÜNME BECERİLERİNİ GELİŞTIRMEK İÇİN KULLANDIKLARI STRATEJİLERIN İNCELENMESİ

A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF STRATEGIES AIMING TO IMPROVE THINKING SKILLS OF CHILDREN USED BY PRESCHOOL TEACHERS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The purpose of this research is to determine and investigate comparatively which strategies preschool teachers use in order to improve children’s thinking skills in different countries applying Reggio Emilia approach and ımplementing the constructivist approach in Turkey. Based on this aim, sample of the study included 10 preschool teachers working in preschools affiliated to Ministry of National Education in Turkey and 10 preschool teachers working in Reggio Emilia classrooms in different countries. Data regarding research was obtained via qualitative research methods. In analysis of qualitative data, descriptive analysis method was used. Research data were gathered by asking teachers to answer the questions in a semi-structured interview scale developed by researchers. Teachers were asked open-ended questions addressing their strategies related to identifying, guiding and promoting children’s thinking. As a result of this study, it is found that teachers that implements in different countries applying Reggio Emilia approach use strategies as questioning, observation, material and experience offering and documentation. However, for the preschool teachers ımplementing the constructivist approach in Turkey it is determined that documentation is not used at all and the other strategies are not used sufficiently functional and comprehensive.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Yapılandırmacı yaklaşımı uygulayan ve yurtdışında Reggio Emilia yaklaşımını uygulayan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuklarda düşünme becerisini geliştirmek için hangi stratejileri kullandıklarını belirleyerek, karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’de Milli Eğitime bağlı anasınıflarında görev yapan 10 ve yurtdışında Reggio Emilia okullarında görev yapan 10 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler nitel araştırma yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundaki soruların öğretmenlere sorulmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Öğretmenlere çocukların düşüncelerini belirlemede, yönlendirmede ve geliştirmede kullandıkları stratejileri belirlemeye yönelik açık uçlu sorular yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, yurtdışında Reggio Emilia yaklaşımını uygulayan öğretmenlerin çocuklarda düşünme becerisini geliştirmek için soru sorma, gözlem yapma, materyal ve deneyim sunma, dökümantasyondan faydalanma stratejilerini kullandıkları; ancak, Türkiye’de yurtdışında Reggio Emilia yaklaşımını uygulayan öğretmenlerin dökümantasyondan faydalanma stratejisini hiç kullanmadıkları, diğer stratejileri ise yeteri kadar kapsamlı ve işlevsel kullanmadıkları belirlenmiştir.
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