Buradasınız

The Impacts of Ethnocentrism and Stereotype on Inter-Cultural Relations of Ethiopian Higher Education Students

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
This research is intended to understand the impacts of ethnocentrism and stereotypes on the ICRs among students of higher education. Qualitative research method was used in data collection and analyses. The instruments were observation, interview, and FGD. 43 research participants were purposefully selected. The findings reveal that ethnic, cultural and religious dislikes on campuses are manifested in acts ranging from hateful speeches to physical violence. Besides, both verbal disputes and physical confrontations are the results of wrong perception, misunderstanding on certain issues, criticism, misbehavior, defamation, inflammatory words, wrong attributions, indirect domination, undermining cultures of other, humor, disrespect, ideological differences, lack of unity among students etc. Ignorance of the others' cultures, religions and identities, ethnocentric attitudes, bias, supporting political parties along ethnic lines and exaggerated group differences are, thus, the major causes of ICRs problems among the students. On top of these, the disturbing counterattacks consisting of incidents of bigotry and intergroup strife are also prevalent. Hence, these affect the integrity and performance of the students that will affect the society at large.
126
148

REFERENCES

References: 

(2002). Adapting to an unfamiliar culture: An interdisciplinary overview. In
(2004). Bridging differences: Effective intergroup communication (4th ed.). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
(Ed).2004. Cross-Cultural andIntercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
(Ed).2003. Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks:
SAGE.
2003. Human Diversity in Action: DevelopingMulticulturalism Competencies
for the Class room. Boston: MGraw-Hill. 2004. Developing Domination, Encoding Self -Determination: Intercultural
Communication Research Process. The Howard Journal Of Communication, Vol.12
pp.119-135.
2005. Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research .London:
SAGE.
Adams, D. L. (1995). Health issues for women of color: A cultural diversity perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Approaches (2nd Edn.).London: SAGE Publications. Banks, J. A. (Ed.). (2001). Multicultural education, transformative knowledge, and action:
Historical and contemporary perspectives. New York: Teachers College Press. Barna, L. M. (1997). Stumbling blocks in intercultural communication. In L. A. Samovar &
R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication (eighth ed.). Belmont CA: sworth. Bennett, M. (1993). Towards ethno relativism: A developmental model of intercultural
sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience.
Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. Benson, P. G. (1978). Measuring cross-cultural adjustment: The problem of criteria.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2, 21 -37. Brislin, R. (1988). Prejudice in intercultural communication. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Brown, Keith. (2006). Encyclopedia of Language andLinguistics.London:Elsevier.Vol.8. Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). Intercultural Sensitivity. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Cui, G., & Van Den Berg, S. (1991). Testing the construct validity of intercultural Cushner, k. 1999. Human Diversity in Action: Developing Multiculturalism Competencies for
the Class room. Boston: MGraw-Hill.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
145
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 3 - Issue: 4 - October - 2013
Cushner,K.&Brislin,R.W.(1996).Intercultural Interactions. A Practical Guide. London:
Sage.
Devine,
P
. & Zuwerink, J.(1989). Prejudice and Guilt. The Internal Struggle to Overcome
Prejudice. Psychology and Culture.PP.203-207. Boston: Allyn & Becon. DomNwachuwu,C.S. (2010). An Introduction to Multicultural Education: From theory to
Practice.USA: Rowman & Littlefield publishers. Edgar, A. and Sedgwick, P. (2002). Cultural Theory. London: Rutledge.
effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 227 -241. Ember, C. R. et al. (2007). Anthropology. New Delhi. Pearson Education . Fong et al. .(2004). Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity. Lanham:Rowman and
littelefield Publishers.
rd
Gannon, M. J. (2004). Understanding Global Cultures (3rd Edn.). London: SAGE.
Gish et al.(2007). Ethiopia.Cultures of the world. New York: Marshal Cavendish Benchmark.
Greenwald, A.,MC et al.(1995). Measuring individual differences in implicit gnition.Journal
of personality and Social Psychology,74,1464-1480. Gudykunst, W.B. and Lee, C. (2003). CCC Theories. In Gudykunst (Ed).Cross-Cultural and
Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks: SAGE. Gudykunst, W.B.(1996). Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory to intercultural
adjustment training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22,227 250 Gudykunst, W.B., & Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Communicating with strangers: An approach to
intercultural communication (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Harris, M. and Johnson, O. 2007. Cultural Anthropology. New York: Pearson Education. Jandt, F. E. (2001). Intercultural communication: An introduction. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Kealey, D. J. (1989). A study of cross-cultural effectiveness: Theoretical issues, practical
applications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 387 -428. Kim, Y. Y. (1991). Intercultural communication competence. In S. Ting-Toomey, & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Cross-cultural interpersonal communication (pp. 259-275). Newberry
Park, CA: Sage.
Kottak, C. P.(1996). Cultural Anthropology (8th Edn.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Lin, Y., & Rancer, A. S. (2003). Ethnocentrism, intercultural communication apprehension, intercultural willingness-to-communicate, and intentions to participate in an intercultural dialogue program: Testing a proposed model. Communication Research
Reports, 20, 62-72.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
146
Online Journal
o
f Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 3 - Issue: 4 - October - 2013
Luce & E. C. Smith (Eds.), Towards internationalism (pp. 36-46). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Lustig, M.W., & Koester, J.(1999). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication
across cultures (3rd ed.). New York: Longman. Neuliep, J. W. & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). Development of a US and generalized ethnocentrism
scale. Communication Research Reports, 14, 385-398. Novinger, T. (2001). Intercultural Communication. A Practical Guide. Austin: University of
Texas Press.
Pederson, P. Carey, J. (Eds). (1994). Multicultural Counseling in Schools. A Practical
Handbook. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Pickering, M. (2001). Stereotyping: The Politics of Representation. York: Palgrave.
Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader. Belmont CA: Wadsworth. Rogers, E. M. & Kincaid, D. L. (2000). Communication Networks: Toward a new paradigm
for research. New York: Free press. Rossman, G. B. and Rallis, S. F. 2003.Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative
Research (2nd Edn). London: SAGE. Ruben, B. D. (1987). Guidelines for cross-cultural communication effectiveness. In L. F. Samovar et al (2010). Communication Between Cultures. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage
Learning.
Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (Eds.). (1997). Intercultural communication: A reader,
Belmont, Ca: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Spencer-Oatey,H. & Franklin, P.(2009). Intercultural Interaction: A Multidisciplinary
Approach to Intercultural Communication. Macmillan: Palgrave. Stephan, W. & Stephan, C. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157 166. Stephan,W. et al.(1999). Anxiety in Intergroup Relations. A comparison of AUM theory and
integrated threat theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23, 613. Sue, D. W. and Sue, D.(1990). Counseling the Culturally Different and Practice. New York:
John Wiley and Sons.
Sue, D.W. et al. (1996). A Theory of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy. London: Cole Publishing Company.
Taylor, E. W. (1994). Intercultural competency: A transformative learning process. Adult Education Quarterly, 44(3), 154-174.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
147
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 3 - Issue: 4 - October - 2013
Tilahun Bejitual. (2007). "Management of On-Campus Conflicts among Students of Diverse
Backgrounds: A Multilingual Perspective. The Case of BDU". Med Thesis. AAU. W. B. Gudykunst, & B. Mody (Eds.), International and intercultural communication (2nd
ed., pp. 259-273). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wiseman, R. L. (2002). Intercultural communication competence. In W. B. Gudykunst, & B.
Mody (Eds.), International and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 207-224).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com