"TÜRK EVİNİN KARAKTERİSTİKLERİNİN DIŞ GÖZLEM İLE SAPTANMASI İÇİN BİR YÖNTEM

In its general context vernacular architecture is shaped by the resources of the environment such as climate, materials available and the cultural system which consists of ideological and technological aspects If cases are to be studied, the criteria above which form a building diverse by time, locality and social status, of the owner. To record the house form and time, locality and social status relations the analysis of the house forms are required. The aim of this study is to obtain the characteristics of house forms rapidly and externally -to avoid interfence to their privacy- by using a systematic charateristics layout. This method is adopted from Brunskill's method which is used and tested for English vernacular architecture to a Turkish house form which was built and habitated widely or a large space, time and social status scale. The method was constructed •on available studies carried out in this field which was analysed in the following order. 1. The organization of the neighbourhood and house 2. The main functions and layout of each floor. a. The ground floor b. The first floor "Mezzanine" c. The top floor "Piano Nobile" 3. The organization of the spatial elements in the house. a. The room The various kinds of rooms, their elements and characteristics. The interior-exterior relationship The floor ceiling and vertical elements. b. The hall Its elements and their characteristics The interior-exterior relationship The floor ceiling and vertical elements 4. The structure of the house The materials used The way they were used The building components. By rovie/ing the previous data, the characteristics that can be traced from the exterior of the house was collected in a survey chart. The survey chart consists of three Sheets. The first one covers the general characteristics of the house, the second one is designed to define the characteristics of the hall and the third one is related to the room. When a house is to be surveyed a general characteristics and a hall chart has to be filled in and the third chart must then be completed for each room, which take place on the main floor and in some cases the mezzanine level. On the first chart the characteristics of the house are divided in to five basic groups. The first group will help to explain the form of the building i.e. the number of storeys of the building, the layout of the main floor, and its relations with the environment i.e. the relations of the house and garden, street and garden, street and house. The second and third group of characteristics will help to define the structure and the materials used the criterion exterior relations of the ground floor and the mezannine respectively. The fourth group of characteristics belong to the top floor and consists only of walling and cladding techniques, timber frame structures and their infill techniques. The other characteristicsare shown sepatately on the hall and room chart. (The reason to study each floor separately is to define the different appearance, structures and materials used on each floor). The fifth group of characteristics are related to the roof. The second chart which is related to the hall, consists of five important characteristics, the shape of jetties of the hall (if any), the construction of the jetties, the exteriorinterior relationship of the hall, the type of the windows (if any) and the characteristics of the "köşk" (if any). The third chart consists the characteristics of the room. On this chart the room is defined by the window shapes, the number of walls which have windows, the position of the jetties. This method which is explained beriefly was tested on a street in iskilip. The reliability of the method must be tested with several surveys undertaken at different regions by choosing houses built at different time scales belonging to people which are members of different social classes.