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Akciğer kanseri: birinci basamakta tanı, tedavi ve korunma

Lung cancer: Diagnosis, treatment and prevention in primary care

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Lung cancers are the leading cancer types that cause cancer deaths in the world. Cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers in 94% of the cases. It is more common among men than women. Lung cancers are divided into two categories as small cell and non-small cell cancers. This categorization determine treatment options and prognosis. Symptoms can be local, regional, metastatic or systemic due to tumor effects. They are mostly diagnosed in advanced stages because cough is not accepted as a symptom by smokers. Computed tomography of the thorax is the imaging method of choice. To decide the best treatment modality, cell type identification and valid staging is needed. Absolute and radical treatment of lung cancer is surgery. All options should be urged in lung cancer patients available for surgery. Best prevention of lung cancer is to quit smoking. There is not a screening test that decrease mortality in asymptomatic patients.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Akciğer kanserleri tüm dünyada en çok ölüme yol açan kanser tipidir. Akciğer kanseri gelişiminden %94 oranında sigara sorumludur. Erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha sık görülmektedir. Akciğer kanseri küçük hücreli ve küçük hücreli dışı olarak iki kategoriye ayrılır. Bu ayrım tedavi seçimi ve prognozu belirler. Hastalar lokal, bölgesel, metastatik veya tümörün sistemik etkilerine bağlı semptomatiktir. Sigara içen hastaların öksürüğü belirti olarak değerlendirilmemesi sonucu, tanı çoğunlukla ileri evrelerde konulur. Tanı için toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisi tercih edilen görüntüleme yöntemidir. Hastalarda en uygun tedavi modelinin uygulanabilmesi için hücre tipinin belirlenmesi ve doğru bir evreleme yapılması şarttır. Kesin ve radikal tedavisi cerrahidir. Opere olabilecek evredeki her kanser hastasında şartlar sonuna kadar zorlanmalıdır. Akciğer kanserini önlemenin en önemli yolu sigaranın bırakılmasıdır. Semptomsuz hastalarda mortaliteyi azalttığı gösterilmiş kitle tarama testi bulunmamaktadır.
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İletişim:
Doç.Dr. Erkan Melih Şahin
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı
Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi, Çanakkale, Türkiye
Tel: +90.286.2180018 (2208)
e-mail:emsahin@yahoo.com

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