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SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE KÜRESEL REFORM YAKLAŞIMLARI

GLOBAL REFORM APPROACHES IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES

Journal Name:

  • Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2011

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Since the beginning of 1980s, some important reform initiatives in health care elderly people and the high costs of technological developments in health care services are the main reasons of those reforms. Sharing the public health care services between the actors in the health care market and the individuals is suggested as a solution. The main reasons of those reforms, which supported by some international foundations as WB IMF is to rebuilt the health care services on market basis. In this organization government would organize and control health care services, market he rules of the competition and provide financial support rather than providing health care service itself. With the help of those economical savings, government can give more support to preventive health care services, which are the government’s main responsibility. The reforms that are planned to be realized in the future will be evaluated in two groups. The first one of them is “the market based”, which is supported by WB and IMF. In this model, health care services are related with the market economics. The second one is “the social model”, which is supported by WHO and UNICEF. This model treats health care services at a base that health care is a commodity for human beings. It is also possible to think of a third model that can be named “cooperation of approaches” which represent a model where these two approaches given above are combined together.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Sağlık hizmetlerinde, 1980’lerin başlarından itibaren gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önemli reform girişimlerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Bu reformların başlıca nedeni, artan yaşlı nüfus oranı ve sağlık teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin kamu maliyesi üzerindeki baskıları gösterilmektedir. Çözüm olarak da kamunun sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerini, piyasa aktörleri ve bireyler ile paylaşması önerilmektedir. IMF ve Dünya Bankası gibi uluslararası kuruluşlarca desteklenen bu reformların ana unsurunu, sağlık hizmetlerinin piyasa temelinde yeniden kurgulanması oluşturmaktadır. Bu yeni yapılanmada kamu, sağlık hizmeti sunmaktan çok, sağlık hizmetleri piyasasını düzenleyen, kurallar koyan ve finansman sağlayan bir rol üstlenmektedir. Böylelikle tasarruf edeceği kaynaklarla, asıl sorumluluğu olan koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerine ağırlık verebilecektir. Sağlık hizmetlerinde gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan reformlar genel olarak iki grupta değerlendirilmektedir. Bunlardan ilki, DB ve IMF tarafından desteklenen “piyasa temelli” sağlık reformudur. Bu modelde sağlık hizmetleri, piyasa ekonomisi ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. İkincisi ise, DSÖ ve UNICEF tarafından desteklenen “sosyal model”dir. Bu model, sağlık hizmetlerini insan ihtiyacı temelinde değerlendirir. Ayrıca, bu iki modele ilave olarak, her iki modelin birlikte kullanıldığı, “yaklaşımların işbirliği” olarak adlandırılabilecek üçüncü bir modelden de söz etmek mümkündür.
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  • 1
323–365
  • Turkish

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