Buradasınız

Beyaz Gömlek Hipertansiyonu ve Artmış Kardiyovasküler Risk

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
Aim: White coat hypertension has been described as continuously higher clinical blood pressure levels than day-time blood pressure levels. It has been known that the increased clinic blood pressure measurement in patients with primary hypertension is white coat effect. There is no consensus on pathophysiology, target organ damage and treatment of the white coat hypertension and white coat effect. Method: This study consisted of 20 patients with white coat hypertension, 20 patients with white coat effect, 20 patients with primary hypertension and 10 normotensives. In this study group, we evaluated biochemical parameters, plasma norepinephrine level and systolic-diastolic function tests with echocardiography. Results: Age, body mass index and biochemical parameters, except triglyceride, were not different from each other in study groups. The triglyceride levels were 93.30±29.50 mg/dl, 152.05±53.20 mg/dl, 156.05±43.04 mg/dl and 205.30±76.10 mg/dl in controls, primary hypertension, white coat effect and white coat hypertension, respectively. The difference between white coat hypertension and control was statistically significant (p<0.001). Plasma norepinephrine values were 208.20±50.90 pg/ml, 295.30±65.00 pg/ml, 567.70±147.90 and 431.00±177.90 pg/ml in cont¬rols, primary hypertension, white coat effect and white coat hyperten¬sion, respectively. The differences between white coat hypertension-controls and white coat hypertension-primary hypertension groups were statistically significant for plasma norepinephrine values (p<0.05). Also, the differences between white coat effect-controls and white coat effect-primary hypertension groups were statistically signi¬ficant for plasma norepinephrine values (p<0.001). E/A ratio of the groups were 1.34±0.21, 0.94±0.24, 0.83±0.26 and 0.98±0.17 in control, primary hypertension, white coat effect and white coat hypertension, respectively. The differences between white coat hypertension and control, white coat effect and control and primary hypertansion and control were statistically significant (p<0.05 for all). However the differences between primary hypertansion and white coat hypertension and white coat effect and primary hypertansion was statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: In white coat hypertension, it can be said that echocardi-ographically diastolic dysfunction can accompany to increased sympathe¬tic system activity.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Amaç: Beyaz gömlek hipertansiyonu (BGHT), doktor ofisinde ölçülen kan basıncının yüksek düzeyde olmasına karşın, günün diğer saatlerinde evde veya klinik dışında ölçülen kan basıncının normal bulunması haline denir. Primer hipertansiyonu (PHT) olan olgularda, doktor ofisinde kan basıncı değerlerinin normal yaşama oranla yüksek olması ise Beyaz Gömlek Etkisi (BGE) olarak bilinmektedir. Her iki durumun patogenezinde sempa¬tik sinir sistemi hiperaktivitesi suçlanmakla birlikte, bu konu netlik kazan¬mamıştır. Bu çalışmada BGHT, PHT, BGE olan primer hipertansiyonlu ve sağlıklı kişilerde kan lipitleri, plazma norepinefrin düzeyleri ölçülerek ve ekokardiyografik değerlendirme yapılarak BGHT'li olgularda kardiyovasküler değişiklikler ve sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesi değerlendirildi. Yöntem: Bu araştırmada, kliniğimizde takip edilen beyaz gömlek hipertansiyonlu 20 olgu, beyaz gömlek etkisi olan primer hipertansiyonlu 20 olgu ve beyaz gömlek etkisi olmayan primer hipertansiyonlu 20 olgu ile sağlıklı 20 kişinin; kan şekeri, lipit değerleri, plazma norepinefrin düzeyleri ve ekokardiyografi ile ölçülen sistolik-diyastolik fonksiyonları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma grupları arasında yaş, vücut kitle indeksi, triglise-rid hariç, bakılan biyokimyasal testler yönünden farklılık yoktu. Triglise-rid değerleri kontrol grubunda 93.30±29.50 mg/dl, primer hipertansiyon grubunda 152.05±53.20 mg/dl, beyaz gömlek etkisi olan grupta 156.05±43.04 mg/dl ve beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubunda 205.30±76.10 mg/dl olarak bulundu. Beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubu ile kontrol grubu arasındaki farklılık anlamlı idi (p<0.001). Olguların norepinefrin değerleri kontrol grubunda 208.20±50.90 pg/ml, primer hipertansiyon grubunda 295.30±65.00 pg/ml, beyaz gömlek etkisi olan grupta 567.70±147.90 pg/ml ve beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubunda 431.00±177.90 pg/ml olarak bulundu. Beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubu ile kontrol grubu ve primer hipertansiyon grubu karşılaştırıldığında farklılıklar anlamlı idi (p<0.05). Beyaz gömlek etkisi olan grupla kontrol grubu ve primer hipertansiyon grubu arasındaki farklılıklar da anlamlı idi (p<0.001). E/A oranları kontrol grubunda 1.34±0.21, primer hipertansiyon gru¬bunda 0.94±0.24, beyaz gömlek etkisi olan grupta 0.83±0.26 ve beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubunda 0.98±0.17 olarak bulundu. Kontrol grubu ile beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon, beyaz gömlek etkisi ve primer hipertansi¬yon grupları arasında farklılık anlamlı idi (hepsi için p<0.05). Buna karşın primer HT ve beyaz gömlek etkisi grupları ile beyaz gömlek hipertansiyon grubu arasında farklılık yoktu. Sonuç: BGHT'li olgularda artmış sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesinin, ekokardiyografik olarak PHT'li olgulardaki gibi diyastolik disfonksiyon ile birlikte olduğu söylenebilir.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
152-158

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Sağlıker Y. White coat hypertension. In: Massry SG, Glassock RJ (eds), Textbook of Nephrology. 4th Ed, Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins, 2001: 1156-1158.
2. Verdecchia P, Staessen JA, White WB. Properly defining white coat hypertension. Eur Heart J, 2002; 23:106-109.
3. Carels RA, Sherwood A, Blumenthal JA. High anxiety and white coat hypertension. JAMA, 1998; 279:197-198.
4. Guadiero P, Niebauer J, Addison C, Clark SJ. Clinical features, anthropometric characteristics, and racial influences on the "White-coat effect" in a single-centre cohort of 1553 consecu¬tive subjects undergoing routine ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2000; 5:53-57.
5. Ryan JM, Howes LG. White coat effect of alcohol. AJH 2000; 13:1135-1138.
6. Lantelme P, Milton H, Gharib C, Gayet C, Forntrat JO. White coat effect and reactivity to stress. Hypertension 1998; 31:1021¬1029.
7. Julius S, Mejia A, Jones K, Krause L, Schork N, van de Ven C, Johnson E, Petrin J, Sekkarie MA, Kjeldsen SE. "White coat" versus "sustained" borderline hypertension in Tecumseh, Mic¬higan. Hypertension 1990; 16:617-623.
8. Strandberg TE, Salomaa V. White coat effect, blood pressure and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:1714-1718.
9. Pierdomenico SD, Bucci A, Costantini F, Lapenna D. Twenty-four-hour autonomic nervous function in sustained and "whi¬te coat" hypertension. AJH 2000; 140:672-677.
10. Yamada H, Goh PP, Sun JP, Odabashian J, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD, Klein AL. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfuncti¬on by Doppler echocardiography: clinical application of the Canadian consensus guidelines. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;
15:1238-44.
11. Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Larson MG, Reiss CK, Levy D. Prevalence and clinical correlates of diastolic heart failure: Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1995; 92(suppl I):I-666.
12. Senni M, Tribouilloy CM, Rodeheffer RJ, Jacobsen SJ, Evans JM, Kent R, Bailey KR, et al. Congestive heart failure in the com¬munity: a study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Min¬nesota, in 1991. Circulation 1998; 98:2282-2289.
13. Mandinov L, Eberli FR, Seiler C, Hess OM. Diastolic heart fa¬ilure. Cardiovasc Research 2000; 45:813-825.
14. Lamb HJ, Beyerbacht HP, van der Laarse A, et al. Diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease is associated with al¬tered myocardial metabolism. Circulation 1999; 99:2261-2267.
15. Glen SK, Elliott HL, Eurzio JL. White-Coat hypertension as a cause of cardiovascular dysfunction. Lancet 1996; 348:654-657.
16. Sega R, Trocino G, Lanzarotti A. Alterations of cardiac structu¬re in patients with isolated office, ambulatory or home hyper¬tension. Circulation 2001; 104:1385-1392.
17. Kingwell BA, Krause L, Julius S. The effect of hypertensive epi¬sodes and cardiac hypertrophy on the canine cardiac baroref-
lex. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1994; 21:31-39.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com