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Çocuklarda Kronik Böbrek Yetersizliği ve Anemi

Anemia in Children With Chronic Renal Failure

Journal Name:

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Abstract (2. Language): 
1. Camitta BM. The anemias. In: Behrman, Kliegman, Avin (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15th edition. Philadelphia WB Saunders Company, 1996, pp 1379. 2. Fine RN, Whyte DA, Boydstun II. Conservative manage¬ment of chronic renal insufficiency. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaduet P (eds). Pediatric Nephrology. 5th edition. Philadelphia USA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004; p.1291-1311. 3. Peco-Antic A. Management of renal anemia. Turk J Pediatr 2005;47 Suppl:19-27. 4. Locatelli F, Pisoni RI, Akizawa T et al. Anemia management for hemodialysis patients: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines and Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) findings. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;44 Suppl 2:27-33. 5. Macdougall IC. Should the hematocrit be normalized in dialy¬sis and in pre-dialysis patients? Blood Purif 2001;19:157-167. 6. Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Minetti L. Hematologic consequen¬ces of renal failure. In: Brenner BM (ed), Brenner and Rec¬tor's The Kidney. Saunders 2004, Volume 2, chapter 49, pp 2165-2188. 7. Ritz E, Macdougall IC. Optimizing anemia therapy in CRF. 2nd European Epoetin Symposium. Excerpta Medica, Austria 1998, pp 1-28. 8. Markowitz GS, Kahn GA, Feingold RE, Coco M, Lynn RI. An evaluation of the effectiveness of oral iron therapy in hemo-dialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoie-tin. Clin Nephrol 1997;48:34-40. 9. Warady BA, Zobrist RH, Wu J, Finan E. The Ferrlecit Pediat-ric Study Group. Sodium ferric gluconate therapy in anemic children on hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20:1320- 1327. 10. Shichiri M, Hirata Y, Ando K et al. Plasma endothelin levels in hypertension and chronic renal failure. Hypertension 1990;15:493-496. 11. Macdougall IC, Canaud B, Locatelli F. An overview of the de¬velopment and clinical efficacy of novel erythropoiesis stimu¬lating protein (NESP), and practical guidelines for its use in treating renal anemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16 Suppl 3:1-28. 12. De Palo T, Giordano M, Palumbo F et al. Clinical experience with darbepoietin alfa (NESP) in children undergoing hemo- dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;19:337-340. 13. Macdougall IC. CERA (Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator): a new erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for the Official Journal of the Turkish Society of Nephrology / Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi 195 9 Anemia in Children With Chronic Renal Failure treatment of anemia. Curr Hematol Rep 2005;4(6):436-440. 14. Schröder CH. The European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group. The management of anemia in pediatric pe¬ritoneal diaylsis patients. Guidelines by an ad hoc European committee. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:805-809. 15. Tarnd DC, Huang TP. Improvement of anemia with ascorbic acid in iron overloaded hemodialysis patients with hypores-ponsiveness to erythropoietin. Nephrology 1997;3:189. 16. Rolton HA, McConnell KM, Modi KS, Macdougall AI. The ef¬fect of vitamin C intake on plasma oxalate in patients on re¬gular haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991;6:440-443. 17. Rao DS, Shih MS, Mohini R. Effect of serum parathyroid hor¬mone and bone marrow fibrosis on the response to erythro- poietin in uremia. N Engl J Med 1993;328:171-175. 18. Barbour GL. Effect of parathyroidectomy on anemia in chro¬nic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:888-891. 19. Carozzi S, Ramello A, Nasini MG et al. Ca and 1, 25 (OH)2D3 regulate in vitro and in vivo the response to human recom-binant erythropoietin in CAPD patients. Adv Perit Dial 1990;6:312-325. 20. Labonia WD. L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodiayzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26:757-764. 21. Lilien MR, Duran M, Quak JME, Frankuisen JJ, Schröder CH. Oral L-carnitine does not decrease erythropoietin require¬ment in pediatric dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;15:17-20. 22. Ballal SH, Domoto DT, Polack DC et al. Androgens potenti¬ate the effects of erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17:29-33. 23. Kurtz A, Zapf J, Eckardt KU et al. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates erythrpoiesis in hypophysectomized rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:7825-7829. 24. Westwood NB, Chung R, Emmerson AJ, Pearson TC. The in vitro effects of stem cell factor, interleukin-3 and granulocy-te-macrophage colony stimulating factor on haemopoietic progenitor cells from premature infants. Br J Haematol 1994;86:468-474. 25. Al-Uzri A, Yorgin PD, Kling PJ. Anemia in children after transp¬lantation: etiology and the effect of immunosupressive therapy on erythropoiesis. Pediatr Transplant 2003;7(4):253-264.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Kronik böbrek yetersizliği (KBY) olan çocuklarda glomerüler fit - rasyon hızının 35 mL/dk/1.73 m2'nin altına inmesi ile böbreğin eritropoetin üretimindeki yetersizliğe bağlı olarak anemi görülür. Renal anemi normokrom normositik karakterdedir. KBY'li çocuklar demir eksikliği, rekombinant insan eritropoetin doz yetersizliği, intestinal kan kaybı, akut ya da kronik enflamasyon, sekonder hiperparatiroidizm, nutrisyonel eksiklikler nedeni ile anemiktirler. Anemi çocuğun yaşam kalitesini ciddi olarak etkiler ve tedavisiz kalırsa kardiyak komplikasyonlar, hastaneye yatış ve mortalitede artışa yol açabilir. Çocuklarda ideal hedef hemoglobin 11-12 g/dL, hematokrit %33-36 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aneminin uygun yaklaşım ve tedavisi ile çocukların iştahsızlık, egzersiz intoleransı, kalp fonksiyonlarında bozulma, okul başarısında azalma gibi klinik bulgularında düzelme beklenmektedir. Bu derlemede KBY'li çocuklarda anemiye yaklaşım ve tedavisi konusunda güncel bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
191-196

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Camitta BM. The anemias. In: Behrman, Kliegman, Avin (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15th edition. Philadelphia WB Saunders Company, 1996, pp 1379.
2. Fine RN, Whyte DA, Boydstun II. Conservative manage¬ment of chronic renal insufficiency. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaduet P (eds). Pediatric Nephrology. 5th edition. Philadelphia USA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004;
p.1291-1311.
3. Peco-Antic A. Management of renal anemia. Turk J Pediatr 2005;47 Suppl:19-27.
4. Locatelli F, Pisoni RI, Akizawa T et al. Anemia management for hemodialysis patients: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines and Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) findings. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;44 Suppl 2:27-33.
5. Macdougall IC. Should the hematocrit be normalized in dialy¬sis and in pre-dialysis patients? Blood Purif 2001;19:157-167.
6. Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Minetti L. Hematologic consequen¬ces of renal failure. In: Brenner BM (ed), Brenner and Rec¬tor's The Kidney. Saunders 2004, Volume 2, chapter 49, pp
2165-2188.
7. Ritz E, Macdougall IC. Optimizing anemia therapy in CRF. 2nd European Epoetin Symposium. Excerpta Medica, Austria
1998, pp 1-28.
8. Markowitz GS, Kahn GA, Feingold RE, Coco M, Lynn RI. An
evaluation of the effectiveness of oral iron therapy in hemo-dialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoie-tin. Clin Nephrol 1997;48:34-40.
9. Warady BA, Zobrist RH, Wu J, Finan E. The Ferrlecit Pediat-ric Study Group. Sodium ferric gluconate therapy in anemic children on hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20:1320-
1327.
10. Shichiri M, Hirata Y, Ando K et al. Plasma endothelin levels in hypertension and chronic renal failure. Hypertension
1990;15:493-496.
11. Macdougall IC, Canaud B, Locatelli F. An overview of the de¬velopment and clinical efficacy of novel erythropoiesis stimu¬lating protein (NESP), and practical guidelines for its use in treating renal anemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16 Suppl 3:1-28.
12. De Palo T, Giordano M, Palumbo F et al. Clinical experience with darbepoietin alfa (NESP) in children undergoing hemo-
dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;19:337-340.
13. Macdougall IC. CERA (Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator): a new erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for the
Official Journal of the Turkish Society of Nephrology / Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi
195
9 Anemia in Children With Chronic Renal Failure
treatment of anemia. Curr Hematol Rep 2005;4(6):436-440.
14. Schröder CH. The European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group. The management of anemia in pediatric pe¬ritoneal diaylsis patients. Guidelines by an ad hoc European
committee. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:805-809.
15. Tarnd DC, Huang TP. Improvement of anemia with ascorbic acid in iron overloaded hemodialysis patients with hypores-ponsiveness to erythropoietin. Nephrology 1997;3:189.
16. Rolton HA, McConnell KM, Modi KS, Macdougall AI. The ef¬fect of vitamin C intake on plasma oxalate in patients on re¬gular haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991;6:440-443.
17. Rao DS, Shih MS, Mohini R. Effect of serum parathyroid hor¬mone and bone marrow fibrosis on the response to erythro-
poietin in uremia. N Engl J Med 1993;328:171-175.
18. Barbour GL. Effect of parathyroidectomy on anemia in chro¬nic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:888-891.
19. Carozzi S, Ramello A, Nasini MG et al. Ca and 1, 25 (OH)2D3
regulate in vitro and in vivo the response to human recom-binant erythropoietin in CAPD patients. Adv Perit Dial
1990;6:312-325.
20. Labonia WD. L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodiayzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis
1995;26:757-764.
21. Lilien MR, Duran M, Quak JME, Frankuisen JJ, Schröder CH.
Oral L-carnitine does not decrease erythropoietin require¬ment in pediatric dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;15:17-20.
22. Ballal SH, Domoto DT, Polack DC et al. Androgens potenti¬ate the effects of erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17:29-33.
23. Kurtz A, Zapf J, Eckardt KU et al. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates erythrpoiesis in hypophysectomized rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:7825-7829.
24. Westwood NB, Chung R, Emmerson AJ, Pearson TC. The in vitro effects of stem cell factor, interleukin-3 and granulocy-te-macrophage colony stimulating factor on haemopoietic progenitor cells from premature infants. Br J Haematol
1994;86:468-474.
25. Al-Uzri A, Yorgin PD, Kling PJ. Anemia in children after transp¬lantation: etiology and the effect of immunosupressive therapy on erythropoiesis. Pediatr Transplant 2003;7(4):253-264.

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