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Diyabetik Böbrek Hastalığı: Şimdi Harekete Geçin Yoksa Sonra Cezasını Ödeyin

Diabetic Kidney Disease: Act Now or Pay Later

Journal Name:

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DOI: 
10.5262/tndt.2010.1001.16
Abstract (2. Language): 
World Kidney Day 11 March 2010: We must act on diabetic kidney disease In 2003, the International Society of Nephrology and the International Diabetes Federation launched a booklet called “Diabetes in the Kidney: Time to act” (1) to highlight the global pandemic of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. It aimed to alert governments, health organisations, providers, doctors and patients to the increasing health and socioeconomic problems due to diabetic kidney disease and its sequelae, end stage kidney disease requiring dialysis and cardiovascular death. Seven years later, the same message has become even more urgent. World Kidney Day 2010, under the auspices of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations IFKF), together with the International Diabetes Federation(IDF), provides yet another chance to underline the importance of diabetic kidney disease, stress its lack of awareness at both public and government levels and emphasise that its management involves prevention, recognition and treatment of its complications. Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes will require massive lifestyle changes in the developing and developed world supported by strong governmental commitment to promote lifestyle and societal change. The Global Threat of Type 2 Diabetes The 21st century has the most diabetogenic environment in human history (2,3). Over the past 25 years or so, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the USA has almost doubled, with three- to five-fold increases in India, Indonesia, China, Korea and Thailand (4). In 2007, there were 246 million people with diabetes in the world, but by 2025, that number is estimated to reach 380 million (5). People with impaired glucose tolerance, a “prediabetic state” numbered 308 million in 2007 and will increase to 418 million by 2025 (5). The increase in prevalence of diabetes will be greater in the developing countries. In Mexico for example, 18% of its adult population will have with type 2 diabetes by 2025. According to the WHO, China and India will have about 130 million diabetics by 2025 who will consume about 40% of their country’s healthcare budget in addition to reducing productivity and hindering economic growth. It was against this background that on December 21st 2006, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously passed Resolution 61/225 declaring diabetes an international public health issue and identifying World Diabetes Day as a United Nations Day, only the second disease after HIV/AIDS to attain that status. For the first time, governments have acknowledged that a non-infectious disease poses as serious a threat to world health as infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The problems of diabetes are now seen as a major global public health concern, especially in the developing world which can least afford it. The first step to act on diabetic kidney disease must encompass public health campaigns aimed at preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Kidney Disease Diabetes is now the major cause of end stage kidney failure throughout the world in both developed and emerging nations (6). It is the primary diagnosis causing kidney disease in 20-40% of people starting treatment for end stage renal disease worldwide (7). In Australia, new type 2 diabetes patients starting dialysis increased 5-fold between 1993 and 2007 (8). Between 1983 and 2005, there was a 7-fold increase in new patients starting renal replacement therapy in Japan because of diabetes, accounting for 40% of all new incidence patients (9). Thus, some 30% of the predicted 1.1 trillion dollar medical costs of dialysis world-wide during this decade will result from diabetic nephropathy (10).
Abstract (Original Language): 
11 Mart 2010 Dünya Böbrek Günü: Diyabetik böbrek hastalığı için harekete geçmeliyiz 2003 yılında Uluslararası Nefroloji Derneği ve Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu tip 2 diyabetin ve diyabetik böbrek hastalığının küresel pandemisini vurgulamak üzere “Böbrekte Diyabet: Harekete geçme zamanı” (1) adlı bir kitapçık yayımladı. Bunun amacı hükümetleri, sağlık örgütlerini, sağlık kurumlarını, doktorları ve hastaları diyabetik böbrek hastalığı ve onun sonuçları olan diyaliz gerektiren son dönem böbrek hastalığı ve kardiyovasküler ölümle ilgili olarak giderek artan sosyoekonomik ve sağlıkla ilgili problemler konusunda uyarmaktı. Yedi yıl sonra aynı mesaj daha da acil bir hal almıştır. Uluslararası Nefroloji Derneği (ISN) Uluslararası Böbrek Vakıfları Federasyonu (IFKF) ve ayrıca Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu (IDF) işbirliğiyle yapılacak Dünya Böbrek Günü 2010, diyabetik böbrek hastalığının önemini vurgulamak, hem kamu hem hükümet düzeylerinde bu konudaki farkındalık eksikliğini ön plana çıkarmak ve bu hastalığın komplikasyonlarının önlenmesi, tanınması ve tedavisinin hastalığın takibi açısından gerekliliğini vurgulamak için bir şans daha tanımaktadır. Tip 2 diyabetin primer olarak önlenmesi, gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ülkelerde yaşam tarzı ve toplumsal değişimi desteklemek üzere güçlü bir hükümet taahhüdü ile birlikte yaşam tarzında çok önemli değişiklikler gerektirecektir. Küresel Tip 2 Diyabet Tehdidi 21. yüzyıl, insanlığın geçmişindeki en diyabetojenik ortamdır (2, 3). Yaklaşık son 25 yıl içinde A.B.D.’de tip 2 diyabet prevalansı hemen hemen iki katına çıkmış ve Hindistan, Endonezya, Çin, Kore ve Tayland’da üç ila beş kat artış olmuştur (4). 2007 yılında dünyada diyabetli 246 milyon kişi varken 2025 yılında bu rakamın 380 milyona erişmesi beklenmektedir (5). Bozulmuş glukoz toleransı yani ”prediyabetik durumu” olan kişilerin sayısı 2007 yılında 308 milyonken 2025 yılında bu rakam 418 milyona çıkacaktır (5). Diyabet prevalansındaki artış gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha fazla olacaktır. Örneğin Meksika’da 2025 yılına kadar yetişkin nüfusun %18’inde tip 2 diyabet bulunacaktır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne (DSÖ) göre Çin ve Hindistan’da 2025 yılına kadar 130 milyon diyabetik bulunacak ve bunlar üretkenliği azaltmak ve ekonomik büyümeyi yavaşlatmak dışında ülkenin sağlık bütçesinin yaklaşık %40’ını tüketecektir. Bu zeminde 21 Aralık 2006 tarihinde Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu oybirliğiyle diyabeti uluslararası bir kamu sağlığı sorunu olarak beyan eden ve Dünya Diyabet Gününü bir Birleşmiş Milletler Günü olarak tanımlayan Kararname 61/225’i kabul etmiş ve diyabet, HIV/AIDS’ten sonra statüye erişen yalnızca ikinci hastalık olmuştur. İlk kez hükümetler enfeksiyöz olmayan bir hastalığın dünya sağlığı için HIV/AIDS, tüberküloz ve sıtma gibi enfeksiyöz hastalıklar kadar önemli bir tehdit oluşturduğunu kabul etmiştir. Diyabete bağlı problemler artık özellikle bu konuda en az harcama yapabilecek gelişmekte olan ülkelerde büyük bir küresel kamu sağlığı endişesi olarak görülmektedir. Diyabetik böbrek hastalığıyla ilgili harekete geçmek için ilk adım tip 2 diyabet gelişmesini önleyen kamu sağlığı kampanyalarını içermelidir.
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