YENİ UYGUR TÜRKÇESİNDE ADET SÖZLERİ

Providing communication between individuals, the common language can be used in certain situations and in a way that a limited number of people can understand it. The method of hiding the meaning is employed in order to make communication special for individuals. There are various ways of hiding the meaning. The meaning can be sometimes hidden in a number or a syllable. In some cases, a statement which is outside the meaning of word known can be understood by only the people who know its hidden meaning. Using a language in this way can lead to the birth of a kind of secret language especially in small communities consisting of a small number of people. In crowded communities having different interest, it is possible to form specific areas and to occur special languages related to these areas according to the interests of the people. The languages called job language, social language, or slang have emerged in this way. This situation which can be seen in all languages of the world is a phenomenon that can be observed in many dialects of Turkish Language. In this article, “Traditional Statements” which can be called as secret language, figurative statements and social language in the New Uyghur Turkish were tried to be evaluated. While setting the framework of these word groups whose occurrence reasons were very different from each other, associations from various aspects were tried to be made with secret languages on which there have been many research in Turkey. In the New Uyghur Turkish, “qarañġu gep”, “esterlik gep”, “sinipiy adet jargoni” are in “Traditional Statements”. Argots in the New Uyghur Turkish and special languages, also is called secret languages, seen in the Standard Turkish dialect are used for similar purposes. Among these purposes, the issue of security and ideas of earning more income are very important. Cryptography used among Uyghur tradesmen especially provides them a significant commercial advantage. Similarly, secret languages which are used in special areas by groups of people also provide them a significant advantage. It is seen that parts of words belonging to secret languages can appear in general spoken language over time. In this case, vocabularies belonging to secret language become common. One of the factors that necessitate cryptographies is the anxiety of hiding information. Especially, cryptographies were often used among Uyghur Turks who resisted Chinese cruelty at the beginning of twentieth century. The best example of this is the revolutionist Uyghur poet Lutpulla Mutellip. Lutpulla Mutellip used cryptographies to send a message to Three-Province Army. Information about joining the army after armed preparation in the Aksu City in Eastern Turkistan was delivered in this way: “we performed an ablution for Friday prayer, we prayed that with you together in Aksu. The commander of Three-Province Army was informed using this secret language. A similar situation occurred in Turkey in 1974. The Minister of Foreign Affairs at that time, Turan Güneş reported that peace talks reached a negative conclusion with the cipher “My daughter Ayşe, go on a holiday!” This information enabled the Turkish Army to begin a military operation without delay. It can be seen that cryptographies are the words revealed as a result of military, commercial, or social exclusion. The words called cryptographies in Uyghur Turkish are related to polysemy property of the words. There is a similarity between the cryptographies in Uyghur Turkish and figurative words in the Standard Turkish. Figurative expressions are used in traditional plays because of its property of polysemy. In jokes that are part of regional comedy, the figurative features of metaphors are a benefit. Metaphors are also used in word-plays performed in a “Meshrep”, a celebration with song and dance. The usage of figurative expressions is similar to that of the metaphors that are frequently used in word-plays during “Sıra Gecesi” and “Yaren Gecesi”, events that are held traditionally in Turkey. The use of figurative expressions (esterlik gep) and metaphors (mecazlı söz) for similar purposes is important in terms of showing the similarities between the cultures of Uyghur Turks and Turkish people living in Turkey. Communal traditional jargon (Sinipy Adet Jargoni) used in Uyghur Turkish are the words belonging to a particular part of society. They are the words that appear as a result of using common properties of a language for a narrower part of society over time. It is not a language that members of a social stratum speak among themselves. They are the words that are used for that social stratum. Jargon is generally a language that members of a particular stratum use among each other. People in a big social community that is not homogeneous have different interests. For example, volleyball has its own terminology. This terminology is known and used by the people who are interested in this sport. The people who are not interested in this sport do not know this terminology and stay out of this social stratum. A similar situation is also valid for car racing or occupational branches. However, the use of communal traditional jargon in Uyghur Turkish is different. It is not a language that a social stratum used, but a set of various similes for a social stratum. It can be said that such classifications originated from the abstract concept of a certain social stratum within the society. I consider that it is not incorrect to say it is a kind of nicknaming. Cryptographies, figurative expressions and communal traditional jargon existing among traditional words in Uyghur Turkish are defeated by modern life. Over time, they face the risk of disappearance because of, among other reasons, the effect of media, changes living conditions, rising education levels, and the disappearance of dialects. The relationship between the occurrence and usage of the words called “Qarañġu Gep” and secret languages and the relationship between “sinipiy adet jargoni” and jargon were discussed.