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Reaktörde Kompostlaştırma: I. Mutfak Atıkları

IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING: I. KITCHEN WASTES

Journal Name:

  • Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2009

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
In this study, in-vessel aerobic composting of kitchen wastes (KW) was investigated to suggest a solution for the environmental problem caused by huge amounts of wastes. The composting period was 22 days. The composting parameters such as temperature, carbon (C), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), C/N ratio, cellulose, volatile solids (VS), moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), heavy metals and radioactivity were investigated. The reaction rate constant of degradation of VS was found as 0.0414 day-1 (R2 = 0.99). The VS of KW decreased from 92.47 to 86.87 % after 22 days. The KW reached maximum temperature of 55°C within 2 days. C decreased from 51.37 to 48.26 %. TKN increased from 1.43 to 2.45 %. C/N ratio of the KW decreased from 35.92 to 19.69. The content of cellulose increased at the end of the process. pH value increased from 5.5 to 8.29. EC increased from 769 to 959 S/cm. Both TC and FC decreased during process. The measured heavy metal concentrations in the obtained composts were under the standards related to heavy metal. α-radioactivity greatly decreased and also the β-radioactivity decreased at the end of the process. 40K and 137Cs concentrations were also determined. In-vessel aerobic composting was effective to reduce TC, FC, α-and β-radioactivity in KW used. As a result of the study, it can be said that in-vessel aerobic composting of KW would be suitable from the point of waste management and the usage of the obtained compost on agricultural soils would be a solution for the environmental problem caused by the huge amounts those thrown away.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada mutfak atıklarının reaktörde aerobik kompostlaştırılması, çok büyük miktardaki atıkların sebep olduğu çevresel probleme bir çözüm önermek için araştırılmıştır. Kompostlaştırma süresi 22 gün olmuştur. Sıcaklık, karbon (C), toplam Kjeldahl azotu (TKN), C/N oranı, selüloz, uçucu katı, nem, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam koliform (TC), fekal koliform (FC), ağır metaller ve radioaktivite gibi kompostlaştırma parametreleri araştırılmıştır. Uçucu katı bozunmasının reaksiyon hız sabiti 0.0414 gün-1 (R2 = 0.99) olarak bulunmuştur. Mutfak atıklarının uçucu katısı 22 gün sonra % 92.47’ den % 86.87’ ye azalmıştır. Mutfak atıkları 55°C’ lik en yüksek sıcaklığa 2 gün içerisinde ulaşmıştır. Karbon % 51.37’ den % 48.26’ ya azalmıştır. TKN % 1.43’ ten % 2.45’ e artmıştır. C/N oranı 35.92’den 19.69’ a azalmıştır. Selüloz içeriği proses sonunda artmıştır. pH değeri 5.5’ den 8.29’ a artmıştır. Elektriksel iletkenlik 769’ dan 959 S/cm’e artmıştır. Hem TC hem de FC proses esnasında azalmıştır Elde edilen kompostlarda ölçülen ağır metal konsantrasyonları ağır metal ile ilişkili standartların altında olmuştur. Proses sonunda α-radioaktivitesi büyük oranda azalmıştır ve β-radioaktivitesi de azalmıştır. 40K ve 137Cs konsantrasyonları da tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bir sonucu olarak, mutfak atıklarının reaktörde aerobik kompostlaştırılmasının atık yönetimi açısından uygun olacaktır ve elde edilen kompostun tarım topraklarında kullanılmasının büyük miktarda atılan bu atıkların sebep olduğu çevresel problem için bir çözüm olacağı söylenebilir.
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