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METALLERLE KİRLENMİŞ TOPRAKLARIN TEMİZLENMESİNDE UYGULANAN TEKNOLOJİLER

Remediation Technologies For Metal-Contaminated Soils

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Heavy metal accumulation in soils has an important influence not only on the fertility of soils and functions of ecosystem but also on the health of animals and human beings via food chains. Heavy metal pollution of soils is increasingly becoming a global problem with the development of industry, mining activity, irrigation of wastewater and the application of sewage sludge. The clean-up of the soils contaminated with heavy metals is one of the most diffucult tasks for environmental engineering. Some factors such as complex physical, chemical and biological properties of contaminated soils and limited information about behavior and relations of pollutants in soil media increase the cost of remediation processes and limit the use of conventional waste disposal technologies. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to develop new technologies which are cheaper and more effective for the remediation of contaminated soils. The approaches in the clean-up studies include isolation, immobilisation, toxicity reduction, physical seperation and extraction. Many of these technologies have been used full-scale. In this paper, both the full scale and developing technologies that are available are reviewed and compared. The results have emphasized that the selection of the most appropriate soil remediation method depends on the site characteristics, concentration and types of pollutants to be removed, last use of the contaminated medium and cost of the process.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Ağır metallerin toprakta birikmesinin sadece toprak verimliliği ve ekosistem fonksiyonları üzerinde değil aynı zamanda besin zinciri yoluyla hayvan ve insan sağlığı üzerinde de önemli etkileri vardır. Topraklardaki ağır metal kirliliği, endüstrinin ve madencilik aktivitelerinin gelişmesiyle ve atıksuyla yapılan sulamaların ve arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının yaygınlaşmasıyla global bir problem halini almaktadır. Ağır metallerle kirlenmiş toprakları temizleme çalışmaları çevre mühendisliği alanındaki en zor konulardan biridir. Kirlenmiş toprağın kompleks fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri ile kirleticilerin toprak ortamındaki davranış ve ilişkilerine ait bilgilerin sınırlı olması gibi faktörler, temizleme faaliyetlerinin maliyetlerinin yükselmesi yanısıra klasik atık bertaraf teknolojilerinin uygulanmasının da sınırlı boyutlarda kalmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenle toprak kirliliğinin giderilmesinde maliyeti düşük ve etkinliği yüksek uygulanabilir yeni teknolojilerin gelişimine acil olarak ihtiyaç vardır. İzolasyon, immobilizasyon, toksisitenin azaltılması, fiziksel ayırma ve ekstraksiyon toprak temizleme çalışmalarındaki ana yaklaşımlardır. Bu teknolojilerden pek çoğu arazi ölçeğinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede hem arazi ölçeğinde uygulanan hem de gelişme aşaması devam eden teknolojiler incelenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda metallerle kirlenmiş topraklar için en uygun temizleme metodunun seçiminde yöre karakteristikleri, konsantrasyon, giderilecek kirleticinin tipi, maliyet ve kirlenmiş ortamın sonraki kullanımı gibi pek çok faktörün gözönünde bulundurulması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
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