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Türkiye’nin Genel Öğretmen Yeterlikleri ile İngiltere’nin Öğretmen Standartlarının Karşılaştırılması

Initial Teacher Education in Turkey and England: Comparing Competencies and Standards

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Problem Statement: There have been major reforms in the Turkish educational system within the framework of the requirements for full membership of the EU. One requirement is that there should be conspicuous development in educational spheres, including teacher education. In this context, Turkey has given particular attention to teacher education and defined a set of Teacher Competencies for teachers. The new Teacher Competencies are largely based on the Teacher Standards of England and Wales, with Britain being considered a model of good practice in teacher education. Purpose of the Study: This study investigates how the Turkish and English educational systems were compared according to the use of Competencies and Standards for teacher education in a European and global context. Method(s): In this study, document analysis was used to investigate the similarities and differences between the Turkish Competencies and the English Standards in Ministry of National Education (MONE) and Teacher Training Agency (TTA) documentation. The categories were developed in terms of the English Standards. Findings and Results: Both the Turkish Competencies and the English Standards are structured around a series of sub-areas. The similarities between the two countries are numerous. There are fewer differences, however, but some are significant. In terms of our analysis here, similar categories are Relationships with children and young people, Framework, Communicating and working with others, Personal professional development, Assessment, monitoring and giving feedback, Subjects and curriculum, Literacy, numeracy and ICT, Achievement and diversity, Planning, Teaching and learning, Reviewing teaching and learning, Learning environment, and Team working and collaboration. The differences were determined as Health and well-being,Knowing the students, Teaching and learning process, and attaching importance to National and Global values. Conclusions and Recommendations: We conclude what the reasons for the differences might be and what Turkey should take account of when revising the Competencies. Similarly, English educational policy makers scrutinizing the Turkish Competencies could usefully draw on their notion of the democratic classroom and on their focus on national culture. We have made some recommendations to contribute to two countries’ teacher education by shedding light on the Standards and Competencies. It is difficult to take all suggestions into account because each country has a different cultural context. In Turkey, however, some Standards might be incorporated in order for Turkey to come into line with other EU countries.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Problem Durumu: Avrupa Birliğine üyelik çerçevesinde, Türk eğitim sisteminde birçok reform yapılmıştır. Bu reformlar arasında öğretmen eğitimine ilişkin gelişmeler de yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, öğretmen eğitimine önem veren Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı öğretmenlerin sahip olması gereken yeterlikleri yeniden düzenlemiştir. Geliştirilen yeterlikler büyük ölçüde öğretmen eğitiminde iyi örneklere sahip bir ülke olan İngiltere’nin Öğretmen Standartlarını temele almıştır. Bu nedenle, araştırmada “öğretmen yeterlikleri ve öğretmen standartlarının benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları nelerdir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırmanın Amacı: Bu çalışma küresel ve Avrupa bağlamında, Türkiye’nin öğretmen yeterlikleri ile İngiliz’lerin öğretmen standartlarının karşılaştırılmasını amaçlamıştır. Eğitimde iyi örneklere sahip ülkelerin sistemlerinden yararlanmak amacıyla karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların önemi vurgulanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada iki ülkenin yeterliklerini ve standartlarını karşılaştırmak amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinde doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda iki ülkenin konu ile ilgili ulusal dokümanları analiz edilmiştir. Kategorilerin belirlenmesinde; İngiliz Öğretmen Standartlarında yer alan alt başlıkların her biri bir kategori olarak ele alınmış, bu kategorilerle örtüşen ve örtüşmeyen yeterlikler belirlenmiştir. Önce örtüşen kategorilerin altında yer alan standartlar ve yeterlikler açıklanmış, daha sonra farklılık gösterenler açıklanmıştır. Bulgular: Dokümanların analizinden elde edilen bulgulara göre: İngiltere’de öğretmen standartlarının üç ana bölümden Türkiye’de ise altı bölümden oluştuğu görülmüştür. Bu ana bölümlerin altında yer alan alt bölümlerdeki benzer noktalar; öğretmenlerin görev ve sorumluluklarını yerine getirme, meslektaş ve velilerle iletişim, kişisel ve mesleki gelişim, öğrenmeyi değerlendirme ve gelişimi izleme, program ve içerik bilgisi, plan yapma ve öğrenme ortamlarını düzenleme olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuç olarak standartlardaki ve yeterliklerdeki farklılıkların nedenlerinin neler olabileceği ve Türkiye’nin yeterlikleri yeniden geliştirirken neleri dikkate alması gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Aynı şekilde İngiliz eğitim politikacılarının da demokratik sınıf ortamı ve ulusal kültürle ilgili standartların belirlenmesinde Türkiye’nin yeterliklerini incelemeleri yararlı olacaktır. İki ülkenin kültürel farklılıkları dikkate alındığında tüm önerileri dikkate almak çok mümkün değildir. Ancak Türkiye’nin hem İngiltere hem de diğer Avrupa ülkelerinde ortak olan standartlara kendi yeterliklerinde yer vermesi öğretmen eğitimi açısından yararlı olacaktır.
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