19TH CENTURY COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AT KASTAMONU
Journal Name:
- Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Keywords (Original Language):
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Abstract (2. Language):
Kastamonu, a city in the North-west of Anatolia and a settlement in the
“Paphlagonia” region of ancient history, has always been a cultural and
commercial center for the nearby villages and cities. In the nineteenth.
century, the city became an administrative center for the province of
Kastamonu (Kastamonu Eyaleti) which consisted of eight cities in the region.
With the economic challenges the Ottoman Empire was facing, came the
renovations and the changing lifestyle which led to a taste for a different
architecture throughout the Empire, including Orientalism.
The case of Kastamonu is interesting especially when one compares the
architectural characteristics of the traditional and the nineteenth century
commercial buildings. The traditional construction techniques, plan types
and facades were no longer used for the new constructions in this century,
but a new architecture was born. The paper presents a thorough research
of the nineteenth century architecture of commercial buildings in the
Kastamonu city centre.
First, economic development of the city and evolution of the commercial
center and its related buildings throughout history are summarized.
Second, the traditional commercial buildings are identified and the
nineteenth century commercial buildings are researched in detail. The
existing buildings are categorized into three, according to their functions
and corresponding architectural characteristics as size, level of articulation
and diversity in construction.
The research covers 29 historical commercial buildings, among them 12
shops, 8 small shops and 9 storehouses, which are thoroughly analyzed.
The buildings generally have a rectangular plan scheme, covering the
whole plot. They are masonry buildings of two storeys. Stone cornices
between the storeys and under the roof level and wide eaves of the timber
roofs are the main figures of the facades. Window and door frames are
mostly made of cut stone and facades are decorated with Neoclassical and
Oriental elements.
The historic commercial centre of Kastamonu is relatively well preserved
than most of other Anatolian towns. However, commercial buildings
dating to the nineteenth century have naturally underwent similar losses in
the historical fabric of the city in the last quarter of the twentieth century.
Furthermore new structures imcompatible with the historic pattern and
with the authentic architecture are increasing rapidly. Due to the pressure
of rising financial profits at the commercial area, high rise buildings built
on the flanks of the “Kastamonu Çayı” are threatening the “Nasrullah
Complex” and other historical commercial buildings nearby. The historical
commercial buildings in the area have lost some of their characteristics
recently because of the unsuitable functions proposed and unplanned
interventions.
In conclusion, it is important to remark that the new structures must be
controlled and commercial function must continue in this area, which
has been used for commercial purposes for several centuries. Periodical
maintenance is especially necessary for the old historic buildings and the
visual chaos due to the signboards can be reduced to an extent.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da, Antik dönemde “Paphlagonia” adıyla anılan
bölgede yer alan Kastamonu, 9. yüzyıldan başlayarak iki Türk beyliğine
başkentlik yapmış ve Osmanlı döneminde Anadolu Eyaleti’nin
sancak merkezlerinden biri olmuştur. Daha sonra, 19. yüzyılda kent,
Kastamonu Vilayeti’nin yönetim merkezi olarak belirlenmiş ve Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşundan sonra da bölgenin önde gelen kentlerinden
biri olma özelliğini korumuştur. Kastamonu’nun kısa yönetsel tarihi,
Anadolu’da veya en azından bölgede, kentin oldukça önemli bir ekonomik
merkez olduğunu göstermektedir. Ne yazık ki, bu alandaki yayınlanmış
çalışmaların azlığı ve bu konuyu ele alan özel bir çalışmanın yapılmamış
olması büyük bir eksiklik olarak karşımızda durmaktadır (1).
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