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İKBAL’İN DEMOKRASİ İDEALİ VE BENLİK FELSEFESİ

IQBAL’S IDEAL OF DEMOCRACY AND HIS EGO PHILOSOPHY

Journal Name:

  • The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2013
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS1561

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Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
In this paper, it has been attempted to show the close connection between Iqbal’s thoughts of democracy and his ego philosophy. Because that Iqbal assumes that there is a significant relationship between one’s metaphysical insights and his or her understanding of democracy, he makes an assertion that notion of democracy explained by generally referring to the western historical experience should and even can be based on the real sprit of Islam. In supporting his assertion, he attaches great importance to especially the affirmation of human self as well as such ideas as freedom, individuality, continuous creation and dynamism. Ideal of man, for him, is not self-negation but self-affirmation; and this ideal can be attained only by becoming more and more individual. Despite that, Iqbal does exclude the extreme individualism, lacking of moral values, promoted by materialistic democracies. But, he has strongly believed there is no alternative to democracy although he has been always unhappy with such democracies governed by immature individuals. For that reason, he presents his ideal, spiritual democracy, which will remove the obstacles in developing humane society, as an alternative both to utilitarian and materialist democracies of the West in his own time and to corrupt autocracies and totalitarianism of the East. In conclusion, his ideal of democracy is not a liberal but a conservative democracy.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu makalede İkbal’in demokrasi hakkındaki düşünceleri ile benlik felsefesi arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. İkbal, kişinin metafizik idrakleri ile demokrasi anlayışı arasında önemli bir bağlantı bulunduğunu varsaydığı için, genelde Batı tarihsel tecrübesine atıfla açıklanan demokrasi fikrinin İslam düşüncesinin ruhuna uygun olarak temellendirilmesi gerektiğini ve bunun yapılabileceğini iddia etmiştir. İkbal iddiasını desteklemek için özgürlük, bireysellik, sürekli yaratma, dinamizm gibi fikirlere, özellikle de benliğin olumlanması düşüncesine büyük önem verir. Ona göre insanın ideali benliğin inkâr edilmesi değil tasdiki, olumlanmasıdır. Bu ideale ise ancak giderek hep daha fazla birey olmakla ulaşılabilinir. Bununla beraber, İkbal materyalistik demokrasilerin ahlaki değerlerden yoksun aşırı bireyciliğini de kabul etmez. Ancak, o, gelişmemiş bireylerce yönetilen böylesi demokrasileri hiç tasvip etmemesine karşın, demokrasinin alternatifi olmadığına dair güçlü bir kanaate de sahiptir. Bundan dolayı, İkbal, insani bir toplumun önündeki engelleri ortadan kaldıracağını düşündüğü kendi ideal, manevi demokrasisini hem Batı’nın kendi zamanındaki faydacı ve materyalist demokrasilerine hem de doğunun çürümüş, gayri-ahlaki otokrasilerine, diktatörlüklerine bir alternatif olarak sunar. Sonuçta, onun ideal demokrasisi liberal değil ama muhafazakâr bir demokrasi olarak görülmek durumundadır.
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  • 5
371-386
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

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67 Ahmad Afzaal, ‚Distorting Iqbal‛, The Qur'anic Horizons: Quarterly Journal of the Qur’an Academy, cilt. 4, no.3, Lahore, 1999, s. 5-6.
İkbal’in Demokrasi İdeali ve Benlik Felsefesi 385
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John L. ESPOSITO, and John O. VOLL, Islam and Democracy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
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NAMUS M. Shuja, A Discussion on Iqbal's Philosophy of Life, Lahore, 1948.

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